Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Underweight is a nutritional problem that children under five years old generally experience due to some factors, such as energy and nutrient intake, infectious disease, exclusive breastfeeding practices, family characteristics, and others. This study intended to determine the underweight proportion, the relationship between these factors, and the dominant factor in the incidence of underweight. The research was conducted with a cross-sectional design on children aged 25-30 months in Gambir and Sawah Besar District, Central Jakarta. The total sample of the study was 121 children, using secondary data. The results showed that the percentage of children whose nutritional status was underweight was 25.6%. The results of the analysis using the chi-square test indicated that there were significant differences in energy intake (p-value= 0.027), carbohydrate intake (p-value= 0.035), father’s education level (p-value= 0.045), family income (p-value= 0.004) towards underweights. The multiple logistic regression analysis results indicated that carbohydrate intake was the dominant factor for underweight (OR= 7.7).

Abstract : Manalagi apple peel (Malus Sylvestris Mill) needs to be developed in the form of health products to provide wider and longer-lasting beneficial effects, such as in the form of mouthwash. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in pH of the manalagi apple peel extract mouthwash formulations in formulations A (25%), B (30%), and C (35%), and their potential benefits for dental health. The research design is a laboratory experiment with a completely randomized design. The intervention in the study was the addition of apple peel extract, including a concentration of 25% (formulation-A), 30% (formulation-B), and 35% (formulation-C). Each concentration was carried out 3 times. The results showed differences in pH in the mouthwash formulation of manalagi apple peel extract in formulations A, B and C, with a statistical test value of ρ-value 0.004 < (0.05). The pH of the manalagi apple peel extract mouthwash formulation was in the range of values of 4.1–4.4. Formulation C is the highest pH formulation and is stable in storage. The study concludes that there are significant differences in pH in the mouthwash formulation of manalagi apple peel extract in formulations A, B and C, and that the mouthwash formulation has the potential to be developed to improve cosmetic function, namely whitening teeth, and therapeutic functions, namely inhibiting the growth of bacteria and cleaning plaque and debris from the tooth surface.

Abstract : Introduction: Osteoporosis defined as the low bone density disease, causing an increase in fragility of the bone skeleton. The impact of lifestyle, such as physical exercise, has shown a strong linkage with the osteoporosis. Females in modern Saudi society are also exposed to such heightened risks as they adopt a more sedentary lifestyle due to economic affluence and technological advancement. Objective: Evaluate the relationship between the instance of osteoporosis and habit of physical exercise among a cross-sample of Saudi women Methods: A cross-sectional study with sample consisted of 100 Saudi females in the age group of 19 to 58 years. The T-test of independence determined the relationship between bone mineral density and physical exercise. The measurements consisted of values of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS). The DMS Pegasus Smart Bone Densitometer, with a Caucasian setting and measurement of the right calcaneus bone. The participants placed into two categories, one with no regular exercise used as a control group where the second one was the target group. This study was approved by the Ethical and Research Committee of Princess Nourah University. Result and Conclusion: Participants with higher BMI had reduced bone density. Therefore, the adoption of healthier diets and the inclusion of active physical exercise habits in daily lives would help improve bone health. Middle-aged females who were doing high exercise levels had bette

Abstract : Abstract— Background: Oral chemotherapy is an alternative treatment that has high side effects that can affect cancer patient adherence and quality of life. Pharmacists have a potential role in increasing knowledge and understanding of treatment so as to increase patient adherence. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pharmacist services on the level of treatment adherence of outpatient cancer patients at Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province, Indonesia. Methodology: This research was an analytical descriptive study. The analysis was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively from the data questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to measure the level of satisfaction of pharmacist services and MMAS-8 to measure the level of medication adherence. Result: The study showed that the majority of patients who received oral chemotherapy had high adherence (59.09%). The majority of patients' reasons for non-adherence were forgetting to take medication. The average level of patient satisfaction on pharmacist services was 86.59%. Conclusion: The study found that there was a correlation between the level of satisfaction and the level of adherence on the empathy dimension (p=0.011). These dimensions need to be continuously improved in order to improve oral chemotherapy adherence.

Abstract : The thickening of gall bladder wall can be a sign of a certain disease.The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and causes of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening among the patients at Riyadh hospitals. This descriptive study was conducted at three different Riyadh hospitals from 13 January to 28 February 2019. A total of 1206 records with abdominal ultrasound reports that included gall bladder wall thickness in the period of study were reviewed. The following data were obtained in a designed data collection sheet: gall bladder wall thickness, the presence of cholecystitis, extra cholecystitis inflammation, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver disease, other systemic diseases, malignancy, and adenomyomatosis. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) program was used for data analysis. The study found that there were 82 patients with diffuse gall bladder wall thickening. So the prevalence of thickening in that period is 6.8%. Cholecystitis is the 1st cause, followed by liver diseases, cardiovascular, diabetes, other systemic diseases, adenomyomatosis, extra cholecystitis inflammation, and malignancy. Thickness is higher for those with the diseases than those without it except for liver diseases and malignancy. The mean of the gallbladder wall thickness increases significantly for those with cholecystitis (P-value = 0.009). The study concluded that the thickened gallbladder wall is a sign of different diseases that should be considered. Another s