Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Abstract—Objectives: The underlying immunological mechanisms of asthma in pregnancy are not fully understood. Pregnant women who tend to be allergic, exposure to several antigens causes activation of Th2 cells and production of Immunoglobulin E (IgE). This study aims to determine the differences of IgE levels in uncontrolled asthma, partly controlled, well controlled and women without asthma in pregnancy. Methods: This was a case control study conducted in Makassar Indonesia from November 2020 - June 2021. IgE levels were measured from blood samples and asthma control determined by GINA criteria. Result: Women with Asthma in pregnancy were 40 and 40 non asthma in pregnancy. Subject of asthma in pregnancy were 14 uncontrolled, 16 partly controlled and 10 well controlled. The mean age was not different between women with asthma in pregnancy and pregnant women without asthma ((28.025 + 5.17 vs 28.025 + 4.26). IgE levels were higher in pregnant women with asthma than pregnant women without asthma (529.8 + 688.11 vs 66.77 + 119.09 IU/mL: p=0.001). Serum IgE levels were higher in uncontrolled asthma compared with partly controlled (801.02+ 170 vs 476.93 + 143 IU/mL). IgE levels were higher in partly controlled asthma compared with well controlled (476.93 + 143 vs 72.75 + 26.47; p value = 0,001). Conclution: IgE levels were higher in women with asthma pregnancy compared with pregnant women without asthma and the highest levels of serum IgE levels were found in uncontrolled asthma.

Abstract : Background and Aim: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Healthcare workers are a high-risk group. Vaccination is the most effective defense against the virus. This study investigated the uptake of Hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data and responses of 100 consenting clinical staff of the institution on the subject matter and the data was analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 software package. Results: A total of 100 respondents participated in the study; 40(40.0%) males and 60(60.0%) females, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.5. The age range of the participants was 20 – 59years with a mean(±SD) of 38.3±11.0 years. Fifty-eight(58%) of the study participants had received at least a dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine while the remaining 42(42%) of the participants had not received any dose of the vaccine. The number of doctors who had received the Hepatitis B vaccine was significantly higher than that of non-doctors(p = 0.015). Age above 40 years, female gender, Good knowledge of Hepatitis B and being a doctor are positive predictors of vaccine uptake. Conclusion: Hepatitis B vaccine uptake rate in this study is low when compared to similar studies in Nigeria and the vaccination completion rate in this study is even much lower.

Abstract : The present study aims to determine the trend of patient attendance pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic at the outpatient dental clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM), Kelantan, Malaysia. This is a retrospective study. This paper, in retrospect, reviews the total number of patients seeking treatment at the dental outpatient clinic, Hospital USM, with interest in the trends of patient attendance from 2017 (pre-pandemic) to 2020 (post-pandemic of COVID-19). Data were collected from the monthly total patient registry from the dental services department of Hospital USM. The IBM SPSS Version 26.0 was used for trend analysis. Meanwhile, the Minitab software determines the trendline of patient attendance and the Seasonal ARIMA analysis predicts the patient attendance for the following year. The analysis found that the year 2020 decreased in trend due to the global coronavirus pandemic. According to the seasonal trend from 2017 to 2020, the SARIMA (0,0,0) (1,1,1)12 model was selected. For 2021, the prediction value is performed monthly. This 30-day period is essential for further preliminary actions by the Hospital USM in planning the strategy to handle patients efficiently during the COVID-19 post-pandemic. The patient attendance is represented in the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (SARIMA). The coefficient for SARIMA was significant, indicating that this proposed model is a superior method.

Abstract : Monitoring the development of early childhood (Early Child Development) is a very important thing that must be done in every country. To carry out such monitoring, an instrument that is easy, low-cost but valid and reliable is needed in assessing child development. Instrument development efforts have been carried out in various countries, both developing new instruments and adapting existing instruments. The purpose of this research isidentify steps in developing instruments for measuring child development in various countries that are easy to implement but valid and reliable. literature review through the article search stage from data-based online, English-language articles published from 2010-2020, which contain research content on the development of child development measurement instruments. Of the 17 articles reviewed in developing instruments, 3 articles on creating new instruments, 10 adapting existing instruments, and 4 only testing and comparing with gold standard instruments. All articles go through the validity and reliability test phase. However, only 8 used other instruments as the gold standard

Abstract : Abstract-- Recently, herbal supplements have been widely used to treat upper respiratory illnesses, colds, and sore throats. Lozenges are one of the most widely used forms of medicine. The dosage form is prepared to have a pleasant taste and has a large number of advantages in the pharmaceutical market. The lozenge has a direct effect on the oral mucosa, has partial and general action, increases bioavailability, reduces gastric irritation, does not pass through the liver, does not need to be swallowed, and has many advantages such as ease of use and ease of production and storage. Currently, only herbal medicines such as Koflet, Koflet-N and Dr. Mom, which are used for the needs of the population of Mongolia, are imported. Therefore, there is a need to study the possibility and output of import-substituting products at home. We use Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fish, Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb, and Kaempferia galangal, which are widely used in Mongolian traditional and modern medicine to clear phlegm, relieve cough, heal wounds, and relieve pneumonia. The goal is to develop a technological scheme for drug preparation. We developed a technological scheme for lozenge containing liquorice. Some criteria for lozenges quality: appearance, base quality, solubility, average weight (n = 5) M = 2.5 ± 0.02, weight variation (± 4%), strength (n = 5) M = 99.2 ± 0.01, the moisture content (n = 5) was found to be M = 0.18 ± 0.01 p <0.05.