Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : One of the most significant medical events in current times is the emergence of the novel corona virus, Health authorities in many countries, including Saudi Arabia, imposed lock downs and restricted free movement to contain the pandemic, which in turn, has affected the daily life of people, markedly limiting travel and social interactions. This cross-sectional study was performed to assess the influence of the COVID 19 pandemic on contact lens wear and usage in Saudi Arabia, and factors responsible for the same. This cross-sectional study was conducted using online questionnaire to study the pattern of contact lens compliance, practices and possible apprehensions among contact lens wearers during the pandemic and the factors responsible for them. 465 responses to the online questionnaire, 344 responses of contact lens users were included in the present study. Almost 78% of the respondents belonged to the 18-30-year age group. Of the 344 participants, 322 were female and 22 were male, majority of the participants used monthly replacement lenses (74.7%). Most of them were using lenses for more than 2 years (74.1%). this study showed that the COVID 19 pandemic has managed to affect every aspect of an individual’s life, contact lens wear being one of them. However, what is worrying is that there were no significant precautionary measures adopted in those who continued use. Increased patient education to minimize the risk of infections and proper contact lens handling practices

Abstract : Introduction: Critical component of a successful colonoscopy is adequate bowel preparation. Inadequate preparation has negative effects on both the community as a whole and individuals. Objective We aimed to determine the effect of poor bowel preparation on patient willing’s to repeat colonoscopy. Patients and methods of 122 patients undergoing colonoscopy in Minia university hospital was conducted between June 1, 2021, and June 1, 2022. All data were analyzed using SPSS, version 18.0. Results A total of 122 outpatients were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two equal groups according to the degree of bowel preparation: good and very good bowel preparation (group 1, n= 96), and poor bowel preparation (group 2, n=26). Baseline characteristics, were comparable between the two groups. Of the 122 colonoscopies, cecal intubation failed in 7 cases of 96 of (group 1) (7.3%) and failed in 23 cases of 26 of (group 2) (88.5%); with a significant difference (p= 0.001). Pain severity and anxiety score was significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (p=0.0001There is a statistically significant difference in the mean (SD) score for willingness to accept to repeat colonoscopy between groups 1 and 2 (6.29±1.44 vs 2.7± 1.3; P = 0.001). Conclusion Poor bowel preparation not only had a significant association with cecal intubation failure rate but also it decreases the patient willingness to repeat the examination.

Abstract : Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a set of visual symptoms associated with computer use. CVS affects approximately 60 million people worldwide, resulting in lower productivity and impaired quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CVS among medical residents at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyze its associated risk factors and most common symptoms. This cross-sectional descriptive study included 165 residents who use any display screen device while working or studying. A validated online questionnaire was used. The study was conducted from November 4, 2020 to January 4, 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the participants, 37.6% reported spending more than 4 h daily studying or working on digital devices and 73.3% reported not respecting the safety distance from the device screen (less than the length of the arm and forearm). The prevalence of CVS symptoms was 96.4%. Residents who had history of eye problems; spent more than 1 daily hours on the digital device; were not adhering with the safety distance; or had an extremely bright device screen had significantly higher risk of having CVS symptoms. CVS is widespread among the medical residents and is associated with unhealthy use of smart devices. It is critical to raise awareness about computer-related health issues among residents to reduce the associated ophthalmological burden.

Abstract : Bite mark analysis has been used as an ideal tool for recognizing dental features that are unique to the gender, race or ethnicity of a person. but the challenge that most forensic odontologists face in identifying the bite-marks have been accredited to the poor quality, inaccuracy or lack of proper bite marks records. digitization in the forensic field, has been progressively evolving, but requires more focus to further advance this method for accurate identification of criminal cases. this comparative cross-sectional study assessed dental arch parameters and tooth parameters using manual method and image analysis digital method with ethnicity malaysian population. this study showed a definite variation in dental arch parameters and tooth parameters in bite-mark analysis between various races of malaysian population. comparison of digital method with manual method has been explored in this study. bite-mark analysis has gained utmost importance as a source of expert witness in the court of law. this study compared bite-mark variations between indian, chinese and malay races of malaysian population. importance of digital technology has been re-emphasized in relation to bite-mark analysis in forensic science studies

Abstract : Asimple, accurate and controlled spectrophotometricmmethod is studied for the determinationmof hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) both pure and in pharmaceutical preparations. The drug's reaction with the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPHz) reagent is the foundation of this mathod. The optimum conditions were studied from the effect of the reagent, oxidized agent and NaOH, the reaction time and the optimum temperature for the formation of the color of azo product and it was in compliance with Beer’s law in the range 2.5 to 22.5 µg/mL at the wavelength 620 nm. the molar absorptivity, Sandellʼs sensitivity, detection limit and quantitation limit were 1048.28L.mol-1 .cm-1, 0.3204μg.cm-2, 0.243 μg.ml-1,, and 0.738 μg.ml-1 respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to determination of HCQ in its pharmaceutical preparations. The thermodynamic functions such as enthalpy ∆H, entropy ∆S, and Gibbsmfree energy ∆G were calculated, and it was found that the drug absorption not Spontaneous,mendothermic process and more regular of the system.