Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common syndrome in the world. Many complications result from Diabetes including sexual impairment which highlyaffects quality of life in men. The aim of this work is to formulate and evaluate oro-dispersible tablets (ODTs) contain 500 mg metformin and 5 mg Tadalafil. A successful, simple, valid method of analysis for simultaneous determination of metformin and tadalafil was developed using HPLC with UV detector. Acetonitrile-phosphate buffer pH 3.5 was used as a mobile phase and a successful separation and quantification wer achieved. Linearity, precision, recovery and robustness were all tested according to the ICH guideline of pharmaceutical analysis. Four formulas were prepared, using three types of disintegrants, cross povidone, sodium starch glycolate and cross-linked alginic and tw types of diluents. The powder mix each formula was tested for flowability and compressibility. Then, tablets were compressed by direct compression method and evaluated according to the USP specifications of Oro-dispersible tablets. Results showed that the evaluation of all formulas showed an effect of type of disintegrant and diluent on wetting and disintegration times, where cross povidone gave the shortest disintegration time (52 ±2 seconds) Also, increase concentration of Avicel resulted in increase in disintegration time (from 46±2 to 52±2 seconds). Dissolution test of F4 in pH 1.2 and 6.8 showed very fast dissolution of both drugs were more than 85%

Abstract : Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related illness that has spread globally and may worsen as pulmonary fibrosis develops. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) has been recommended as a marker of COVID-19 and the severity of the illness. It is a chemical that is mostly expressed by injured alveolar type II cells. In order to confirm KL-6 potential as a predictive biomarker of severity in patients with COVID-19, this pilot investigation measured blood concentrations of KL-6. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty patients with COVID-19 participated in the research. According to the severity of the disease, the COVID-19 patients were classified into three groups: critical disease (n=43), severe disease (n=52), and mild/moderate disease (n=45), with (n=60) healthy volunteers as the control group. Blood samples were taken as well as all of the patients' fundamental clinical and demographic information.

Abstract : Background: Inflammation and immune-mediated reactions are facilitated by the endothelial cell adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), viral infection of endothelial cells brought on by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can result in vascular alterations and boost the expression of ICAM-1, and may be utilized as a biomarker to assess disease severity. The purpose of this study was to determine how serum ICAM-1 levels affected the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: 120 patients with COVID-19 participated in the research. According to the severity of the condition, the COVID-19 patients were divided into three groups: critical disease (n = 23), severe disease (n = 37), and mild/moderate disease (n = 60), with 60 healthy volunteers working as the control group. Blood samples were taken as well as all of the patients' fundamental clinical and demographic information.

Abstract : COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the sustainability of hospitals, with the number of patient visits decreased, due to the implementation of health protocols, restrictions on mobility, public fear of visiting hospitals, and health worker's concerns infected with COVID-19. It also impacts the implementation of hospital services, Simpangan Depok Hospital (SDH) was experiencing changes in the service flow and restrictions on types of services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance optimization of Medical Rehabilitation Polyclinic (MRP) services at SDH during the pandemic, in cases of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Mixed methods research with design study is a case study (qualitative), the samples are staff of MRP and knee OA patients, then cross-sectional (quantitative), the sample is knee OA patients. The results showed the adequacy of human resources (HR) at the beginning of the pandemic, did not experience problems because the number of patient visits decreased. However, at the beginning of 2022, patient visits have begun to increase, so the adequacy of HR needs to find a solution. According to patient perceptions, the service performance of MRP during pandemics remains optimal. However, assessment of supporting facilities is still lacking, namely convenience of the waiting room, completeness of toilet facilities, and availability of canteens.

Abstract : My paper about androgen receptor and autism which discuss one of many causes of autism which is low levels of gamma aminobutyric acid(GABA) neurotransmitter that result from low production of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65&67 enzymes from the expression process of GAD1&2 genes that needed in catalyzing glutamate to form GABA.plus how using acetyl L-carnitine will affect on androgen receptors number. Discussion: Androgen receptor is found in the brain,upon activation by binding of androgen hormones and by taking acetyl l-carnitine, the number of activated AR will increase.The DNA-binding domain of activated androgen receptors will act as transcription factors(zinc finger domain) that regulate the expression of GAD1-2 genes by binding to the regulatory region of GAD1&2 genes(DNA) which called enhancer during the transcription process that leads to enhancing the transcription process of GAD1-2 genes in order to increase the amount of GAD65&67 proteins (enzymes) produced from translation process of m-RNA to protein in order to use these enzymes to catalyse enough amount of glutamate to produce enough amont of GABA neurotransmitter to help in treating or reducing symptoms of autism.