Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a common disease that describe within metabolic complication. In Iraq, the prevalence of T2DM about 1.4 million. In T2DM, the insulin resistance in liver cause decrease glycogen synthesis leading to fail glucose production. This defect perform enhances lipogenesis and proteins synthesis leading to free fatty acid accumulation on liver. This defect effected on liver function and leading to liver damage. Seventy two patients were participated (28 males and 44 females). Their ages ranged between 45-60 years old and the mean of BMI to patients 23.55± 4.56 kg/m2. The means of random blood glucose (RBG) and HbA1c 288.42±68.63 mg/dl, 9.08± 1.9% respectively. Thirty apparently healthy persons (12 males and 18 females) were selected as a control group. Their age ranges were comparable to that of patients and the mean of BMI equal 22.94± 3.15 kg/m2. The means of RBG and HbA1c 101.9±11.18 mg/dl, 5.03±0.63% respectively. There was no significant differences in ALT, AST and ALP in the diabetes group compared to the healthy group (P‐value > 0.05) and there was no significant changes between males and female patients in ALT, AST and ALP furthermore RBG and HbA1c. It was noted that RBG and HbA1c were significantly positively correlated with level of ALT AST and ALP . conclusion: there was no significant difference between liver enzymes and T2DM. Through these results, there is no relationship between diabetes mellitus and elevated liver enzymes.

Abstract : Abstract Background: Central precocious puberty refers to early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and occurs in 1 in 5000 to 10,000 children. Aim of study: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics regarding the demographic, clinical presentation, etiology of central precocious puberty, mode of treatment and, MRI findings. Patients and Method: A cross sectional study that conducted at Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic in Children Welfare Teaching Hospital / Medical City from 1st of November 2018 to 30th of October 2019. It included 83 patients presented to the hospital because of early pubertal development and diagnosed with central precocious puberty. History was taken from patients’ parents & file records. The following data were collected: age at time of onset of complain, gender, consanguinity, family history of similar conditions, main presenting symptom, mode of treatment, history of cranial irradiation, history of meningitis, and MRI findings. All patients underwent physical examination, based on physical findings, decision was made for additional evaluations. Results: In this study, 53% of patients aged > 6 years; 79.5% were females; consanguinity was positive in 33.7%; most common presentation in males was pubic hair (76.5%) and in females was thelarche (42.4%). Etiology in 84.8% of female patients was idiopathic, while idiopathic and CAH etiologies were presented in 94.2% of male patients (47.1% for each). Conclusion: Central pre

Abstract : Objective: This study aims to evaluate the value of using mediastinoscopy in the diagnosis and treating of mediastinal lesions in lung cancer.Lung cancer is known to be the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, and it is also ranked first on the prevalence of cancer against the planet’s population. Materials and methods: the study was performed by mediastinoscopy on 106 patients to diagnose lung cancer. We have used general clinical, laboratory, endoscopic (EBUS-TBNA, CMM), radiographical (CT, PET-CT), morphological, immunohistochemical, and statistical methods of study. For applied mathematics analysis results, we used Statistica for Windows Version 10.0 (Stat Soft INC., USA). Parameters are given within the form M±m, where M is the mean, m is the standard deviation. In the case of p<0.05, variations were set as statistically vital. Results: The number of patients in the study (who performed mediastinoscopy 106, 65 were represented by lung cancer). Conclusion: Mediastinoscopy remains the most effective diagnostic investigation of choice for paratracheal and retrovascularmediastinal pathology, especially in lung cancer.

Abstract : Surgery in scoliosis patients can affect postoperative quality of life, especially in adolescents (AIS). Early detection of AIS and proper management are the keys to a satisfactory outcome. This study aims to assess the clinical condition or quality of life of postoperative patients and improvement of the Cobb angle degree in AIS patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital. This research is a cross-sectional study. Patient data obtained from medical records include age, gender, and year of operation. Radiological data obtained by measuring the difference in Cobb angle pre and postoperatively. Clinical outcome data were obtained from the SRS (Scoliosis Research Society) Questionnaire Version 30. There were 22 patients in this study, consisting of 17 female patients (77.2%) and 5 male patients (22.8%). The average value of the correction angle of the Cobb angle is (30.73o + 15.25o). Based on the results of the calculation of the SRS-30 questionnaire, the mean function value is 3.94+0.24, the mean pain value is 3.96+0.42, the mean self-image value is 3.29+0.27, the average mental health value is 3.37+0.49, and the average value of the level of satisfaction with operating result is 3.28+0.28. From this research, found a positive effect on aspects of postoperative quality of life in AIS patients.

Abstract : The Citarum River is the longest river in West Java stretching from Bandung City to the Jakarta bay. This river has been utilized as a vital object to provide power generation, irrigation, drinking water, and household utilities. The existence of heavy metals such as mercury (hg), cadmium (Cd), & Lead (Pb) in the river has become a serious concern. This research was aimed to analyze human health risk exposed by heavy metals from the consumption of the water, fish, and vegetables around the upper Citarum River. River water, well water, fish, & vegetables were collected around The Citarum River to analyze heavy metals content (Hg, Cd, and Pb). In this research, the concentration of Cd in all samples were below the standard limit. The concentration of Hg in fish & vegetables samples ranged from 0.17 – 0.78 mg/kg and <0.02 – 0.042 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, Hg concentration was below the limit of detection for river and well water. Pb concentration in river, well water and vegetables were below 0.005 mg/l & below 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Pb concentration in fish samples ranged from < 0.1 – 0.28 mg/kg. In this result, we found that fish sample D had the highest concentration for all heavy metals than other samples. It was estimated that fish samples around the upper Citarum River were not safe for consumption based on Hg tolerable daily intake with risk question (RQ) value was over than 1. However, it was still tolerable for Cd and Pb.