Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Introduction: Placenta Previa (PP) is a pathological condition defined as displacement of placenta to the cervical region. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the superiority of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over ultrasound (US) in diagnosing placenta Previa (PP) in the second stages of pregnancy and to determine morbidity association with PP. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study includes 65 cases of pregnant women with PP. The cases we collected from six different hospitals in Riyadh. The results of MRI and US of PP cases compared with post-operative data. The patients’ files reviewed for assessment. Results: Chi-square and Cross-tabulation statistical tests used. The Statistical information of PP patients shows that age group 29-39 have the highest frequency of PP with associated grade IV, and there is significant Relation between age and grade where P= 0.001% < 0.05 % (from chai square test). Result shows that the degree of PP is age dependent. Increta association has highest frequency with PP on imaging MRI modality. Almost half of the cases have no association with PP. These results are evidence that MRI is superior in diagnosing PP over US. Conclusions: The MRI and US are the prime choices for diagnosing abnormal placentation. MRI has the superiority in diagnosing PP over US based on the collected medical reports and reviewed MRI as well as US image. The results of this study indicate that the relationship between age and PP grade complication is s

Abstract : Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in developing countries is currently the highest in the world. Birth Preparedness and Complications Readiness/BPCR) is one of the main key interventions to reduce maternal mortality and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's) targets that have been implemented in various countries. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors influencing Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) in rural areas. This study conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA statement and collected individual research studies from databases such as CINAHL/Ebscohost, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of surveyed among pregnant women, this survey on pregnant women describes knowledge about childbirth readiness from each indicator, that either includes saving money as much as 46.8 % -88 %, identified mode of transportation 18 % -76.3 %, skilled provider 15.7 % -100 %, place of birth 44.3 % -85.8 %, and blood donor 0.89 % -29.6 %. Furthermore, the awareness of Complication Readiness ranged from 14.3 % to 82.4 %. Meanwhile, the BPCR practice rate is 32.78 % -61.8 %, indicating that it is well prepared. Furthermore, the most prevalent characteristics that impact BPCR practice are parity, Ante Natal Care (ANC) visits, knowledge of BPCR, mother's education, mother's occupation, and gestational age.

Abstract : Interpretation of mammograms plays a significant role in the final diagnosis, follow-up and treatment. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) agreement with the traditional interpretation in breast mass descriptions. The study was conducted from October 2015 to July 2019 at different Khartoum hospitals with digital mammographic units. The study included 300 mammographic images for women aged 15 to 90 years. A data collection sheet was used, including BIRAD mass assessment factors: presence, shape, margin, and density. Radiologists reported the mammographic images according to the traditional way of reporting; then, images were evaluated according to the BIRAD to define the degree of concordance between them. Kappa value was used to assess the degree of agreement. The study revealed that mass presence had a very good agreement between the methods (k = 0.835), and mass density had a good agreement (k = 0.742). A moderate agreement was seen between the two methods regarding the shape of mass (k = 0.529) and its margin (k = 0.475). The study concluded that there was a degree of difference in the description of the findings. Therefore, it is essential to follow the standard lexicon, which avoids any misunderstanding or confusion and facilitates breast lesions assessment and follow-up.

Abstract : Underweight is a nutritional problem that children under five years old generally experience due to some factors, such as energy and nutrient intake, infectious disease, exclusive breastfeeding practices, family characteristics, and others. This study intended to determine the underweight proportion, the relationship between these factors, and the dominant factor in the incidence of underweight. The research was conducted with a cross-sectional design on children aged 25-30 months in Gambir and Sawah Besar District, Central Jakarta. The total sample of the study was 121 children, using secondary data. The results showed that the percentage of children whose nutritional status was underweight was 25.6%. The results of the analysis using the chi-square test indicated that there were significant differences in energy intake (p-value= 0.027), carbohydrate intake (p-value= 0.035), father’s education level (p-value= 0.045), family income (p-value= 0.004) towards underweights. The multiple logistic regression analysis results indicated that carbohydrate intake was the dominant factor for underweight (OR= 7.7).

Abstract : Manalagi apple peel (Malus Sylvestris Mill) needs to be developed in the form of health products to provide wider and longer-lasting beneficial effects, such as in the form of mouthwash. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in pH of the manalagi apple peel extract mouthwash formulations in formulations A (25%), B (30%), and C (35%), and their potential benefits for dental health. The research design is a laboratory experiment with a completely randomized design. The intervention in the study was the addition of apple peel extract, including a concentration of 25% (formulation-A), 30% (formulation-B), and 35% (formulation-C). Each concentration was carried out 3 times. The results showed differences in pH in the mouthwash formulation of manalagi apple peel extract in formulations A, B and C, with a statistical test value of ρ-value 0.004 < (0.05). The pH of the manalagi apple peel extract mouthwash formulation was in the range of values of 4.1–4.4. Formulation C is the highest pH formulation and is stable in storage. The study concludes that there are significant differences in pH in the mouthwash formulation of manalagi apple peel extract in formulations A, B and C, and that the mouthwash formulation has the potential to be developed to improve cosmetic function, namely whitening teeth, and therapeutic functions, namely inhibiting the growth of bacteria and cleaning plaque and debris from the tooth surface.