Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : The oil and gas industry deals with hazardous materials, uses high-risk processes, still uses a lot of manpower, and uses large and complex equipment facilities construction. Therefore, the implementation of occupational health and safety is needed in the oil and gas industry. In this study, the development of a CBA model for the implementation of occupational safety and health will be carried out in oil and gas contractors in Indonesia by exploring the relationship between prevention costs and benefits. The aim is to see the side of the economic impact on the effective / ineffective OHS management by oil and gas contractors. This research uses quantitative and qualitative approaches. The analysis is based on these quantitative numbers. The results show that the existence of an evaluation analysis of the benefits of implementing OHS based on an economic perspective that has a significant relationship in improving working conditions is a profitable investment. Cost benefit analysis can be used as a parameter in making decisions related to occupational health and safety implementation. With the OHS CBA model, the contractor can predict the amount of cost that is issued to benefit from the implementation of occupational health and safety.

Abstract : One in ten girls in Indonesia experienced child marriage before the age of 18 in the years 2019 which had been a national disaster and implications for public health. This study aims to assess the association of child marriage on reproductive health outcomes. Retrospective data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS5) year 2014 on 930 ever-married women aged 20-24 years with a cross-sectional study design. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent variables of child marriage to each dependent reproductive health outcomes which were early fertility, adolescent childbearing, antenatal visits, delivery by skilled personnel, modern contraception, pregnancy termination, low birth weight, and neonatal mortality. The covariate variable in this study were education, marital status, residence, and living at outside Jawa Bali. The results showed that child marriage were associated to early fertility (p = 0.01: OR = 0,4), adolescent childbearing (p = 0.01: OR = 39), and delivery by skilled personnel (p = 0.01: OR = 2.1) and child marriage weren’t assosiated to antenatal visit (p = 0,07: OR = 1,5), current modern contraception (p = 0.95: OR = 0,9), pregnancy termination (stillbirth and or misscarriage) (p = 0,55 : OR = 0,9 ), Low birth weight (p = 0,89: OR = 0,9 ), and neonatal mortality (p = 0,40: OR = 1,4). Child marriage were associated to a early fertility, adolescent childbearing and lower assisted delivery by skilled personnel

Abstract : Prediabetes (intermediate hyperglycemia) is a high-risk state for diabetes that is defined by glycaemic variables that are higher than normal, but lower than diabetes thresholds. 5–10% of people per year with prediabetes will progress to diabetes, with the same proportion converting back to normoglycaemia. The prevalence of prediabetes is increasing worldwide and experts have projected that more than 470 million people will have prediabetes by 2030. This study aims is to describe checking blood glucose for screening prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in “Kita Clinic”, Depok. The study’s characteristics were age, sex, and blood glucose. The study design uses descriptive studies. The study population was all patients who have their blood glucose checked in “Kita Clinic”. This study sample was people from July to December 2020 in “Kita Clinic”, 735 patients. The results showed that people age 25 to 34 years old 67.48%, female 84.76%, had normal blood glucose 94.3%, prediabetes 4.2%, and type 2 diabetes 1.5%.

Abstract : Objective: This study is to determine the pattern of Covid-19 infection in Malaysia throughout MCO and CMCO period and measuring the effectiveness of the MCO and CMCO implementation by the Malaysian government in controlling Covid-19 infection and death. Methods: Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS and Excel software through One-Way ANOVA. This analysis allows the researcher to investigate the phenomenon of Covid-19 from its beginning of movement control order (MCO) until conditional movement control order (CMCO). Results: From the result shown that there was a statistically significant difference between MCO and CMCO phase of the number of COVID-19 positive cases (F (5,78) = 18.834, p = 0.000), statistically significant difference between MCO and CMCO phase of the number of COVID-19 death cases (F (5,78) = 13.907, p = 0.000) and there was a statistically significant difference between MCO and CMCO phase of the number of COVID-19 recoveries cases (F (5,78) = 11.487, p = 0.000) as determined by one-way ANOVA. Conclusion: Using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis, all variable shows significant different of controlling Covid-19 infection and death between MCO and CMCO period. Malaysia effectively manages to control the Covid-19 pandemic by the implementation of MCO and CMCO.

Abstract : Pandemic COVID-19 has affected many aspects of life. However, a prolonged pandemic can cause many problems that will reduce the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This research aims to determine the association between the behavior to prevention COVID-19 transmission with HRQoL. A descriptive approach using cross-sectional design in primary data was collect in August 2020. Participants were 619 using multistage cluster sampling in two provinces in Indonesia, namely Jakarta and West Java. The most proportion of behavior for prevention in the "never" category were: washing hands when entering home (48.5%), avoid the habit of greeting with a kiss on both cheeks (41.2%), and close the nose area when sneeze or cough (38.9%). The COV19-QoL scale showed that the highest of problems in the pandemic period they felt more stressed than before (33.9% agreed), decreased quality of life (32.5% agreed) and that a pandemic makes their safety at risk (24,7% agreed). Bivariate analysis using the Mann Whitney test showed significantly there is a difference in the average score of HRQOL based on behavior categories (p-value = 0.004). This study will more reinforce the concept that an HRQOL is the result of a measurable health behavior intervention and the COV19-QoL scale is a fairly good measure of identifying HRQOL during a pandemic.