Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : The important role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans in oncology arises from the ability to track physiological changes, such as metabolism, within tumours. Nevertheless, a high metabolism rate in malignant lesions is known to be caused by activating other mutation pathways, such as the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) pathways, that induce other physiological alterations, such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation and differentiation. Objective: to explore whether KRAS/BRAF mutation pathways can be captured non-invasively by analysing the image features (radiomics) induced by F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose distribution. Methods: Fifty-six colorectal cancer cases were retrospectively collected. A semi-automated (GrowGut) algorithm was then applied for tumour delineation. Next, 106 features were extracted. A logistic regression model was trained after feature reduction via the Boruta algorithm. The classifier accuracy was then assessed by the area under the curve (AUC). Results: Long Run Emphasis, Short Run Emphasis and High Gray Level Zone Emphasis were found to be associated with KRAS/BRAF mutation. The model showed the highest accuracy (0.83) at the cut-off value of 0.51. The model yielded an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69–0.94) with 63% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that KRAF/BRAF overexpression is associated with higher Short Run Emphasis and High G

Abstract : Background: The marginal integrity of sealing materials is key to the success of any restorative treatment. Microleakage is the primary factor responsible for the failure of Class V restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the occlusal and cervical sealing ability of Glass Carbomer versus Midfil (Conventional glass ionomer) in the restoration of class V cavities with the application of different coating materials. Results: After 72 hrs (3 days); occlusal and cervical micro-leakage of different restorations was statistically significant. GP II revealed the highest significant occlusal micro-leakage (60%), while GP IV showed no micro-leakage. Regarding the cervical micro-leakage, Group II and Group III showed the highest micro-leakage. However, GP IV showed the least significant leakage. After 720 hrs (1 month), the Occlusal and cervical micro-leakage of different restorations was statistically non-significant (P-value = 0.294, 0.113). Conclusions: Carbomer exhibited a higher degree of micro-leakage than Midfil glass-ionomer. Manufacturers’ instructions should be strictly followed using a specific protective coat for each material.

Abstract : P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic microorganism that impose a versatile modifications in its genome to sustain an infection that can range from otitis media to a life threating disease. Moreover, antibiotic resistance endows P. aeruginosa characteristics to be one of the most resistant microorganisms to be treated. P. aeruginosa possess both cell associated and extracellular virulence factors. Cell associated virulence factors include flagellum, pili, adhesins, alginate, and lipopolysaccharide. While, extracellular virulence factors include hemolysins, proteases, lipases, exotoxin A, and cytotoxins.

Abstract : Introduction: Glutamine (Gln) and glutamate (Glu) signals are highly overlapped in the region of 2-2.5 ppm in human brain due to the resemblance of their spin systems, making it difficult to separate these metabolites using short-TE PRESS or STEAM at 1.5 T. These metabolites are highly important markers for many diseases, and accurately estimation of them is important. Methods: This study reports the detection of Glu and Gln at 3 T, and immune to the frequency drift. The echo times were optimized, with numerical analysis of the filtering performance, as {TE(1), TE(2), TE(3)} = {23, 74, 18} ms. The amplitude ratios of the filtered Glu and Gln multiplets with respect to 90°-acquisition were 28% and 60%, respectively. Results: Calculation indicated that the amplitude of filtered Gln peak is two-fold compared to STEAM scheme, regardless of the relaxation effects. Glu and Gln are detected at 2.29 ppm and 2.39 ppm simultaneously, without substantial interferences from the neighboring resonances in vivo. The filtered sum spectra with and without Gln in LCModel analyses, using density-matrix calculated spectra as basic functions. The concentration of Glu and Gln in hippocampus of healthy adults was estimated to be 2.8±0.7, and 10.5 ±0.6 mM respectively, and NAA of 9.7±0.6 mM, with reference to creatine at 8 mM. The fit standard deviations are10± 2%, 6±2 % and 2±1% respectively. Conclusion: The presented result shows the fully resolved and Glu and Gln which helps in accurate es

Abstract : Abstract - The dose distribution among prostate cancer cases is changed according to the conditions of the bladder and rectum filling, which are associated with the radiation's toxicity. This study aims to evaluate the changes in bladder and rectum filling volumes and their effects on dose distribution in external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients. The treatment plans of 28 patients were retrospectively reviewed to compare the difference in planned and received dose for planning target volume (PTV), bladder, rectum, and other organs at risk. Data were then analyzed using the SPSS 24 program. Comparison between planned and achieved doses; D98%, D50%, and D2% for planning target volumes; V60, V56, and V52 for bladder and rectum; maximum dose for bowels and femoral heads; and mean dose used for penial bulbs in both full and empty bladders—showed a significant difference in bladder dose, a minimal difference in planning target volume, and no difference in rectum, bowel, femoral head, and penile bulb dose. Changes in bladder filling volume affect dose distribution. The full bladder and empty rectum protocol was safe and effective. recommended the continuous use of the full bladder and empty rectum protocol and identified a new method to keep the volume of the bladder fixed at all radiotherapy treatment sessions.