Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Background: Based on a 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) report, the world maternal mortality rate is 289,000. Nutritional status during pregnancy has a significant impact on the health of both mother and baby. Ajwa dates cover vitamins such as riboflavin, biotin, thiamine, folic acid, and ascorbic acid that are important for the body. This fruit can increase haemoglobin levels because it is rich in iron. This study aims to see the effectiveness of Ajwa dates on haemoglobin and nutritional status in pregnant women. Method: Pre-experimental is a research design with the method of two group pre-test and post-test, using two groups before and after being given interventions to find out the effect of Ajwa date consumption on haemoglobin and status nutrition levels in pregnant women. Result: Differences in haemoglobin levels of antepartum and postpartum groups intervention and control have a value of P-Value (0.000). Ajwa dates can increase haemoglobin levels in pregnant women by a difference of antepartum 1.67 g/d and postpartum 1.58 g/dl. The results of the intervention group's Protein Adequacy Level test and the control group after treatment had a P-Value (0,001), so that it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the Protein Adequacy Level of the intervention group and the control group after treatment with a difference of 5.68% RDA. Conclusion: Ajwa Dates can increase haemoglobin levels and nutritional status of pregnant women during pregnancy.

Abstract : Background: Management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains a challenging problem, as to date, uniform standards for management have not existed. Objective: To assess the influence of prenatal diagnostic modalities for CDH on postnatal management and outcome in a developing country. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 32 neonates with CDH without other associated congenital anomalies admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) during an 8 years' period from December 2013 to November 2021. Identified cases were classified into 2 groups; Group I included 17 infants who were prenatally diagnosed with CDH and continuous prenatal follow-up were available. Group II included 15 infants with no records for continuous prenatal follow-up. A particular resuscitation protocol for the neonates was adopted. Recorded operative data, morbidity and mortality were statistically analyzed. Results: The overall male to female ratio was 1.4: 1. The mean gestational age at postnatal diagnosis was 37.1±1.2 weeks. Twenty-four infants had left-sided, and 8 had right-sided CDH. In group I, the mean gestational age at prenatal diagnosis was 25.4 weeks. However, those in group II, who had the perinatal diagnosis and lost for follow-up, showed mean gestational age of 21.6 weeks. The overall survival was 14 patients out of 32 (43.8%). Group I showed survival of 11 neonates out of 17 (64.7%). Three patients expired post-operatively, while the remaining 3 did not undergo any surgery. In

Abstract : Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a leading cause of chronic liver injury and its end-stage may require liver transplantation. The NAFLD affects approximately one-fourth of the population and is common in both developed and developing countries. The changes caused by COVID-19 pandemic can show an upward trend in hepatic disease incidence & sequels. Weight reduction via life-style and bariatric interventions are considered lines of NAFLD treatment. The complex pathogenesis of NAFLD gives a chance for several novel agents in treatment. The drugs can target any of the pathways including energy balance & metabolism and/or cellular stress & steatoheptitis, as well as apoptotic & fibrotic changes. Several pharmacological agents including Aramchol Semaglutide, Obeticholic Acid, Dapagliflozin, Pemafibrate, Saroglitazar, Emricasan, and Cenicriviroc are in advanced phases of clinical trials for NAFLD. The present work presents a summarized the marketed medications like Metformin, Pioglitazone, α-Tocopherol, Omega-3 fatty acids, and Ursodeoxycholic acid that are employed in the treatment of NAFLD with emphasis on their pharmacokinetics (bioavailability, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination), precautions during therapy, and adverse effects. Presently, the clinical outcomes of the pharmacological agents remain poor and future work is required to get established effective novel medications to optimize the therapeutic regimens for NAFLD.

Abstract : Synthesis and antibacterial activity studies of four substituted silver(I)-N-Heterocyclic carbene complexes of type [(NHC)2-Ag]Cl2 and their respective (ligands) benzimidazolium salts (6–9) are described herein. The azolium and Ag-NHC analogues were confirmed by H1 and C13-NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized analogues were biologically characterized for in vitro antibacterial activity estimated against some bacteria strains S. aureus. and E. coli.

Abstract : This study was done to conduct a review on the occurrence of tooth loss and its associated factors during Supportive Periodontal Therapy (SPT) among periodontitis patients. A literature search was performed using four databases with multiple keywords within the interest of this research. Data collected from previous articles were from 2000 to 2019. Ten previous research from 2004 to 2019 were met the criteria. The occurrence of tooth loss in ten studies was 1587 teeth. The highest and the lowest occurrence were 12.26% and 0.38% respectively. The associated factors of tooth loss for each study showed different percentages and significances. Some studies have limited associated factors. Among all these factors, smoking, old age, male, and educational status were highly associated with the occurrence of tooth loss. The incidence of tooth loss during SPT among periodontitis patients in ten studies was 6.57 % and associated with age, sex, smoking status, and educational level. However, this study did not reach a definitive conclusion due to the heterogeneity among studies.