Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Introduction: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a self-adhesive restorative material. It is made of fluoro-alumino-silicate glass and polyacrylic acid. Its primary benefit is the good adhesive bond with the tooth. However, the main drawback of GIC is that it has poor mechanical properties, limiting its use. So, resin-modified glass-ionomer is available, and then Zirconomer Improved was developed as a recent addition to enhance mechanical and aesthetic properties. Flexural and Shear bond strength are used as indicators for ideal performance of the restorative materials. Aim: To evaluate flexural and shear bond strengths of Zirconomer improved and compare it with resin modified glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji II LC). Materials and Methods: A total number of 36 specimens will be used in the present study. For flexural strength test, 18 Specimens will be prepared in a Teflon mold immediately after mixing. 9 specimens for Group I (Zirconomer Improved) and 9 specimens for Group II (GC Fuji II LC). For shear bond strength, the occlusal surface of 18 molars will be ground flat, and cylinders of the both restorative materials (n = 9) will be bonded to the occlusal surface according to manufacturers' instructions. All specimens will be thermocycled before they are subjected to tests by a Universal testing machine. Results: GC Fuji II LC displayed significantly high bond shear bod strength than ZIRCONOMER Improved. Conclusions: In this in vitro evaluation, GIC Fuji II LC consistently perf

Abstract : SCI includes both primary and secondary injuries, the former of which usually refers to a mechanical lesion to the spinal cord and the latter of which is caused by cellular and biological reactions to the main injury, including the vascular, neurological, and immunological systems. Oxidative stress is associated with SCI and can cause damage to cells. Repair enzymes such as SOD and quinine reductase play a crucial role in the repair and rebuilding process. Future studies on the possibility of tempol in the treatment of SCI hold a lot of promise.

Abstract : Introduction: Many of restorative dental materials have been introduced to restore the lost tooth structure while conserving its form and function. Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are known for their chemical bond to enamel and dentin. Cention N is a new type of resin composite filling materials, and Tetric N-Ceram is a radiopaque nanohybrid resin composite for direct restorative procedures. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the microleakage of two resin composites (Bulk fill resin composite, Nanohybrid resin composite) with a Resin-modified glass ionomer cement). Materials and Methods: Thirty specimens were divided into three groups (10 samples each). Bulk fill resin composite (group I), nanohybrid resin composite (group II), and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (group III). For evaluation of microleakage, class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 30 premolars. These restorative materials were inserted into the cavities and subjected to thermocycling. The microleakage assessment were performed under a digital microscope following immersion of the teeth in 0.5% methylene blue dye. Results: Cention N displayed significantly less microleakage than did nanohybrid composite and GC Fuji II LC at occlusal as well as the gingival margins. Conclusions: In this in vitro evaluation, Cention N consistently performed better than the nanohybrid composite as well as GIC Fuji II LC.

Abstract : Introduction Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a chronic condition stemming from various factors, including H. pylori infection and NSAID use. Though stress was once considered a contributing factor, it has taken a backseat in recent research. To address this, the study aims to evaluate the awareness and prevalence of stress-induced PUD. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia during the year 2023 among diagnosed peptic ulcer, symptomatic patients in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a formulated questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS program. Results This study included 481 participants. Clinical characteristics revealed that 35.6% had been diagnosed with peptic ulcers. 65.9% reported never using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Regarding the awareness of PUD, stress was recognized by 30.8% as an important contributing factor. Most participants believed that psychological stress could cause PUD, while 68% acknowledged the significance of smoking. The most common symptom identified was stomach pain (44.9%), and the majority disagreed that a person with a stomach ulcer could remain asymptomatic (44.1%). Conclusion A moderate level of awareness was found among the population regarding the role of stress in peptic ulcer development. While stress is recognized as a potential factor, the relationship between perceived stress levels and peptic ulcers is more complex than previously thought.

Abstract : Increasing realization that traditional methods of apprenticeship style training in medicine are not acceptable has given rise to newer methods of acquiring skills and competence being integrated into the undergraduate curriculum. We study whether the simulation modules resulted in any gain of knowledge and skills, pre and post-tests were given in selected modules. The pre-test was given before starting the course. Post-tests were given 8 – 9 weeks following the course. 509 students of the first, second, third and fourth years undertook different sets of simulation modules and formed the basis of this study. Three simulation modules from the first year; eight from the second year, twelve from the third year and sixteen from the fourth year were included as example of which is the upper and lower GI endoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, basics of laparoscopy and management of shock using the SIM MAN 4G were assessed by pre and post tests as students had not been exposed to laparoscopic surgery, emergency room posting and gastroenterology before entering the 6th year. It has been concluded that the students benefitted by the Simulation Modules. Though they had not been exposed to live procedures on patients before the simulation sessions in the first and second years, there was a significant improvement in their knowledge levels as evidenced by significantly higher post-test scores in all the three modules tested. We found that the simulation sessions were very popular with the students