Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Objective: Perimenopause is the transition from the reproductive period to the menopausal stage with decreased number and function of oocytes. Transvaginal ultrasound is a reliable alternative method of detecting ovarian reserve. Ajwa dates contain complex macro and micronutrient components complemented by phenolic and flavonoid content considered potential to improve the condition of the ovaries of perimenopausal women which can be assessed through transvaginal ultrasound. Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post control design carried out at RSIA Sitti Khadijah I Muhammadiyah Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, in February-August 2023. The study involved 44 perimenopausal subjects aged 42-48 years who were divided into 2 groups randomly (28 intervention groups, 16 control groups). Comparison of ovarian follicular changes analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Result: The results of this study showed a decrease in the number of ovarian follicles with an increase in follicle size in the intervention group compared to the control group which experienced an increase in follicle count and a decrease in follicle size in the control group that was statistically significantly different (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Consumption of ajwa dates as an exogenous antioxidant can affect the number and size of antral follicles which is one of the predictive indicators of menopause.

Abstract : Malaria infection is still a public health concern in Batubara District, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Spatial clusters and hotspots of malaria cases are needed to help design elimination strategies in the district. Astudy was undertaken to detect clusters and hotspot of malaria during 2018-2020 in the district. All malaria cases’ house geo-coordinate were captured by using GPS. A retrospective space-time scan statistics analysis based on population data and annual malaria incidence was performed using SaTScan. The Poisson model was employed to determine the high risk of malaria and the highest of likelihood ratio (LLR) stated as most likely cluster, with the significance level of 0.05. There were 1,229 malaria cases reported in Batubara District and the annualized average incidence was 2.73 per 1,000 population. The SaTScan analysis identified three most like clusters and three secondary clusters, while Morans’I showed that there was spatial autocorrelation of malaria in the district. The sub-district of Tanjung Tiram, Sei Suka, and Talawi were consistently the location of clusters. There is evidence for the existence of statistically significant malaria clusters in Batubara District, North Sumatera, Indonesia. These findings may assist health authorities to improve the malaria preventive strategies and develop public health interventions, with special reference to the areas where the clusters and hotspots were found to achieve the malaria elimination goal.

Abstract : Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) are expected to increase because of the rising prevalence of central obesity. Aim: to study weight reduction effects on metabolic, anthropometric, and ultrasound parameters in non-diabetic, overweight, and obese people with NAFLD and NAFPD. Subjects and methods: 133 adults aged 35-65 who were obese or overweight and had no diabetes participated in this study for six months. Participants underwent an individualized, intensive lifestyle program that included dietary changes. The diet recommendation was a low-fat hypocaloric meal. All subjects underwent ultrasound (US) examinations before the program, at 3rd month as well as at 6 months. We assessed the effects of weight loss on NAFPD (at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months) by linear mixed components. Result: Triglycerides and transaminases, two laboratory parameters, were significantly reduced by the ending of the study. The ultrasound outcomes revealed that in non-diabetic people who are overweight or obese, losing weight significantly lowers NAFLD while leaving NAFPD unaffected. No association was found between NAFPD and anthropometric parameters, blood pressure assessments, or blood indicators at rho > 0.4. Conclusion: weight reduction leads to a substantial drop in NAFLD in overweight and obese non-diabetics. Losing weight, on the other hand, seems not to affect the NAFPD.

Abstract : Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an endemic disease affecting tropical countries. When there is a change in predominating serotype, large outbreaks will occur. In Vietnam, there has been a significant increase in the number of DHF cases in 2022. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate whether there have been any changes in the distribution of dengue serotypes and the severity of DHF among children in Vietnam. This case series report was conducted at Children's Hospital 1 at Ho Chi Minh City from June 2022 to September 2022. Patients enrolled in the study were diagnosed with DHF based on WHO 2009 criteria and had positive RT-rPCR dengue results. Among 180 children enrolled in the study, 120 cases (66.7%) were caused by DENV-2, 58 (32.2%) by DENV-1, and 2 (1.1%) by DENV-4. The severity of disease varied, with the highest magnitude being DHF with warning signs (42.8%), followed by severe DHF (30.0%), and DHF (27.2%). DENV-2 infection was associated with more severe manifestations in terms of hemoconcentration (p=0.001), thrombocytopenia (p<0.001), abdominal pain (p=0,009), hepatomegaly (p=0,001). DENV-2 infection was more likely to result in shock compared to DENV-1 (p=0.036). DENV-2 was the predominating serotype, children infected with DENV-2 typically exhibited more severe manifestations compared to DENV-1. The relationship between shock, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, and dengue serotypes are statistically significant.

Abstract : The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia is currently the highest in Southeast Asia, based on data from the 2015 Intercensal Population Survey (SUPAS) wich showed a maternal mortality rate of 305 per 100,000 live births and the direct causes of maternal mortality are caused by preeclampsia and bleeding. Antenatal care is one of the key interventions to reduce maternal mortality and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets that have been implemented in various countries. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence early screening of preeclampsia in pregnant women at the health centre. This research method was conducted using Systematic Literature Review by using academic journal search engines from online databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Springer Link published between 2012-2022. Results the findings of this study found that the factors most associated with early detection of preeclampsia were knowledge of pregnant women towards early detection of preeclampsia and acces to health services.