Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : The level of knowledge of people with diabetes mellitus, especially about diet management still varies. Patients with diabetes mellitus need to be educated appropriately about the need to maintain regular eating time, calorie counts and types of food. The lack of knowledge on diet management may result in obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which may be measured by their waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). This study identified the correlation between knowledge on diet management and waist-to-hip ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This descriptive correlational study used a cross sectional approach, involving a consecutive sample of 141 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected using a questionnaire to identify the patients’ knowledge, and a measuring tape to measure the patients’ waist and hip circumferences. The study showed that 17% patients had low level of knowledge and 59,6% had moderate level of knowledge. Over two third had the hip to waist ratio above the cut-off point (70,2%). Those who had low level knowledge on diet management had the highest proportion of hip to waist ratio above the cut-off point (91,7%). The association between level of knowledge on diet management and waist to hip ratio was highly significant (p = 0,0001). Nurses were expected to assess the knowledge level and waist to hip ratio of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and determine their educational needs. Nurses are also suggested to provide health education

Abstract : Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy, yet it is typically diagnosed late via imaging. PIVKA-II has recently gained renewed interest as a potential HCC surveillance tool, however literature before 2016 only involves small retrospective studies from western countries and Japan where the aetiology for HCC is HCV infection. Aim: This article aims to review studies on PIVKA-II to diagnose or survey for HCC in Asian countries where HBV is the main aetiology. A search was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Sciences database published from the year 2016 to 2021 focusing on studies on PIVKA-II for early HCC surveillance. Result: Seven articles including one review done were selected for this review. Conclusion: PIVKA-II is comparable to AFP in terms of sensitivity and specificity for early HCC diagnosis, but the combination of both has the best performance. PIVKA-II can be a promising surveillance tool for HCC, but more studies need to be done on the prognostic potential of PIVKA-II as well.

Abstract : Background Help-seeking behavior for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is affected by cultural and religious factors. Our objective was to evaluate the factors impacting FSD in premenopausal women from Basrah. Methods From (Sep2018-Jan2021), we conducted a cross-sectional study on 673 married premenopausal women with sexually-related complaints for >6 months. Initial visit involved relevant history and examination using non-judgmental patient-centered approaches to diagnose FSD in 219 women, for whom a couple-interview session was scheduled, involved intimacy assessment, use of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Scoring and Decreased Sexual Desire Screener (DSDS) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) diagnosis. Relevant hormonal and biochemical tests were evaluated. The ultimately enrolled women were 166 women. Pearson's correlational analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. Results FSD prevalence was 24.67%, mean duration (8±2months). Intercourse frequency prior to complaint (3±1 weekly), compared to (2±1 monthly) in the latest month before presentation. All FSFI domains scores were reduced. DSDS diagnosed generalized and secondary acquired-HSDD in 31 and 57 women, respectively. The hormonal investigation did not aid FSD diagnosis. Pearson's correlational analysis showed no significant correlation between test variables and FSD. Conclusion No significant correlation between FSD and any psychosexual, physical, and biochemical parameters could be seen. Longitudin

Abstract : Introduction: Obesity is an increasingly growing universal health issue. Due to the prevalence of obesity and its association with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease requiring surgical intervention, it is important that the medical students have a good knowledge of these two correlated conditions. Aim: To assess the students' perception on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) classes and the outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery among medical student in King Faisal University in Alahsa, Saudi Arabia. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, participants underwent An 11-item questionnaire that included three sections. The first section included questions about demographic data in the form of gender and study year, the second section included questions about CABG surgery complications e.g. renal failure and respiratory failure, and the last section investigated the relationship between BMI classes and CABG complications. Conclusion: CABG is a major procedure that is associated with many complications, Therefore, it is important to raise the level of awareness for both present and future doctors about this relationship in order to improve the overall patient care and the outcomes for these patients.

Abstract : The use of AMH level in predicting outcomes of in-vitro fertilization/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection in poor responder women has been widely used. Since the term “poor responder” of Bologna criteria has been changed to "low prognosis" according to the POSEIDON (Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number) criteria, which divided low prognosis into 4 groups, therefore these studies aim to evaluate serum AMH levels in the group suspected of low prognosis women treated with IVF/ICSI. A total of 252 patients of suspected low prognosis groups were assessed retrospectively between 2018 and 2019 in Morula Clinic, National Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Serum AMH cut off values determined for low prognosis groups. Serum AMH levels and pregnancy rate were compared among 4 subgroups of suspected low prognosis women treated IVF/ICSI. In this study, the serum AMH cut off value for predicting low prognosis women using POSEIDON criteria was 1.7 ng/mL with sensitivity 86.7% and specificity 70%. The serum AMH levels were significantly difference in 4 subgroups of suspected low prognosis women treated IVF/ICSI (p<0.05). Interestingly, there were no differences in pregnancy rate among those groups. In conclusion, serum AMH level could predict low prognosis women treated IVF/ICSI. It is important to determine cut-off value to predict the low prognosis women. The pregnancy rate among low prognosis subgroups was not difference.