Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Star anise mouthwash against S. mutans and to find the most effective concentration of Star anise and Moringa Oleifera mouthwashes, compared to Fluoride mouthwash which has been thoroughly investigated in the literature. Material and methods: Seventy children 6-13 years old were randomly selected from outpatient clinics of the Pediatric Dentistry Department. They were randomly assigned to 7 groups according to the type of intervention, which were either Star anise, Moringa Oleifera (5%,10%,15% concentrations), or Fluoride. They were instructed to use the prepared herbal mouthwash for a week and a sample of non-stimulated saliva was obtained before and after an intervention. The preparation of the herbal extracts was performed followed by the mouthwash, then the required media for the microbial cultivation was made ready to receive the saliva samples for obtaining the microbial count. Statistical analysis was then done to investigate the bacterial count before and after the use of the mouthwash. Results: There was a statistically significant bacterial reduction between all the groups except for Fluoride, 15% Star anise, 10% and 15% Moringa groups with the highest mean percentage bacterial reduction in the Star anise 15% group and the least mean percentage bacterial reduction in the Star Anise 5% group. Conclusions: All the herbal groups were effective in bacterial reduction at certain concentrations; compared to Fluorid

Abstract : Depression is a disorder that frequently develops, is more prevalent in the elderly, and is one of the leading causes of suicide. Additionally, one of the factors contributing to functional impairments, which are similar to chronic diseases, is depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the types and doses of physical exercise that are useful for reducing depression symptoms in the elderly population. This study conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA statement and collected individual research studies from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Pedro, and google scholar. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of physical exercise with moderate intensity including aerobic exercise, strength exercise, multi-exercise program (MEP), and aquatic exercise was effective to reduce depression scores in healthy elderly and elderly without cognitive impairment. Additionally, exercise could improve the score of depression in the elderly with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

Abstract : Background: Sleep-disordered breathing is relatively a common problem in children. Adenotonsillectomy is not sufficient for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Objectives: to identify the role of inferior turbinate surgery in improving quality of life (Qol) and sleep disturbance patterns in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: A cohort study was carried during the period from March 2021 to August 2021, at a tertiary general hospital in Al- Ahsa city. Sixty children aged 3 to 15 years having obstructive sleep apnea were enrolled into two groups; each group consisted of 30 children. First group underwent adenotonsillectomy concurrent with inferior turbinoplasty, while the second group underwent Adenotonsillectomy alone. Subjective outcomes were evaluated using the Obstructive Sleep Apnea -18 quality of life questionnaire (OSA-18). Results: It can be observed that the overall quality of life of patients was significantly better after the surgery (p<0.001), which also mirrored in all QoL domains such as sleep disturbance (p<0.001), physical symptoms (p<0.001), emotional symptoms (p<0.001), daytime function (p<0.001), and caregiver concerns (p<0.001). Also, the PSQ showed a significantly lower post-test score (p<0.001). Conclusions: Reduction in volume of the inferior turbinate plays an important role in treating pediatric sleep disorders and improve quality of life rather than adenotonsillectomy alone

Abstract : Background: Foreign body ingestion is a common problem among children, with high morbidity and fatality rates. Coin was the most commonly reported kind of foreign body ingestion. Coins were not often used in Saudi Arabia until a new series of coins was produced in 2016. This study was carried out to determine the types, locations, and results of foreign bodies, as well as to analyze the rate of coin ingestion before and after the coins were distributed and utilized in the country. Methodology: This study was carried out as a retrospective comparison study at the maternity and children hospital in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, in 2015 and 202. The patients were divided into two groups: pre-coin exchange 2015 (26 patients) and post-coin exchange 2021 (26 patients) (82 patients). Results: The study comprised a total of 108 patients of foreign body ingestion, with a mean age of (4.1 ± 2.4). Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the two groups (2015, pre-coin exchange), (2021, post-coin exchange) in the elements of incidence of foreign body ingestion in general, coin ingestion, and rate of admission were considerably higher in year 2021 post-coin exchange. Conclusion: The prevalence of foreign body ingestion, particularly coin, has risen in Saudi Arabia after the implementation of the currency exchange initiative. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of foreign body ingestion are essential for avoiding adverse outcomes.

Abstract : Background: Medical students are at high risk to depression and/or anxiety. Group psychotherapy using the Four-step Model is one of the treatments in Minia Egypt. Online group therapy, a relatively new modality is to be investigated for helping medical students suffering from depression and anxiety. The aim: To assess the efficacy of online group psychotherapy in Minia University in Egypt for depression, anxiety and quality of life in female medical students. Subjects and Method: The studied online psychotherapy group was arranged for adult female medical students (in different medical faculties). 14 subjects were diagnosed as depression or anxiety or both according to DSM-5. The 1st group session was on October 2020 on ZOOM Cloud Meetings application for one year. Participants were assessed pre group, after 6 month and post group by Hamilton Depression Scale(HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) and 36-item Short Form questionnaire for quality of life(SF-36). Results: 14 participants were included in the study. There were statistically significant results regarding effect of the used model on improving depressive and\or anxiety symptoms added to its significant effect on improving the quality of life. Also, there is positive correlation between changes in HAM-D & HAM-A with negative correlation between changes in HAM-D & HAM-A and SF-36 score. Conclusion: Online Four-Step Model group psychotherapy is effective for depression and anxiety in female medical students a