Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Objective: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) in type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) plays a crucial role in angiopathies development and progression. The most frequent cause of endothelial dysfunction in DM is oxidative stress. Aim of the study: To investigate the relationship between ascorbic acid level in serum and some anti-oxidant parameters in blood with clinical, and duplex findings of brachial artery and aorta in patients with type 2 -DM. Patients and methods: Case-Control prospective study included sixty patients with type 2-DM, and 20 healthy volunteers were included. History of peripheral ischemia, diabetic retinopathy, frequency of metabolic syndrome was analyzed. Measurements of plasma levels of ascorbate, super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GTx) and lipid peroxidase (LPO) were studied. Estimation of HOMA-IR was also done. Duplex study in brachial artery and aorta to measure flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD) reactive hyperemia and intima media thickness (IMT) of aorta was done. Echocardiography was done to measure ejection fraction (EF%) and left ventricular dimensions. Results: Patients’ group showed highly significantly decreased plasma insulin (P=0.009), plasma ascorbate, SOD, CAT and glutathione (P=0.001, each) than control, while showed highly significant increased plasma level of fasting sugar, T-Cholesterol, LDL and lipid peroxidation (P=0.001 each) than control. Urinary ACR was highly significantly also increased in patient’ group (P

Abstract : Background: Since the egression of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, more than 200 countries and areas around the world were affected. To the present, it is not clear whether COVID has effects on thyroid function or not. Object: The target of the current revision is to compare thyroid function in COVID cases with and without history of thyroid illness to find out the thyroid disturbance in both groups. Methods: The present study enrolled 86 COVID affected patients that alienated to groups with and without history of thyroid cases, beside comorbidities with diabetes or hypertension. Thyroid hormones [triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)], thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) concentrations were analyzed and assessed. Results: Most of the participants (88.4%) had normal T3 and TPO level, that there was no significant difference (p = 0.069) between groups of with and without history of thyroid disease and/or upraised of TPO antibody level. Also T4 levels of the participants with no history of thyroid disease and normal TPO did not differ significantly (p =0.725) from those with a history of thyroid disease and/or high TPO. Regarding the level of TSH was significant difference (p<0.001) between the patients with high TSH, no history of thyroid disease and normal TPO (0.0%) and those with high TSH, history of thyroid disease and/or high TPO (34.0%). Conclusions: There is high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the COVID patients with family history of

Abstract : Prostate cancer patients often suffer castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), resulting in high mortality rates. Few is still known regarding the factors affecting survival in CRPC patients. We aimed to evaluate PSA level and time to PSA nadir as a prognostic marker for survival in CRPC patients. This is an analytical retrospective study evaluating castration-resistant prostate cancer patients’ survival. Evaluated data included sex, age, initial PSA level, final PSA level, time to PSA nadir (TTN), time to CRPC progression (TTC), and survival status. There were 24 patients with CRPC included in this study. There is a significant difference (p<0.05) of initial PSA level between surviving patients (445,7 + 165,6 ng/mL) and patients who died (200.7 + 144.9 ng/mL). The association between TTN and TTC was also significant (R=0.737, p<0.05). The differences of PSA nadir level, TTN, and TTC between the groups were insignificant (p>0.05). There is a significant difference of initial PSA between surviving and non-surviving patients, whereas no notable differences are apparent in PSA nadir level, time to PSA nadir, and time to CRPC progression. However, there is an association between the time to PSA nadir and CRPC progression.

Abstract : The study focused on the content changes of polyphenol and chlorophyll, and antioxidant activities of Centella asiatica grown in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam according to the growth times of 30 to 120 days. Extracts from Centella asiatica were collected by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction and various antioxidant activities were evaluated such as total antioxidant activity, reducing power activity, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Results showed that the highest chlorophyll content of 5.104 ± 0.041 mg chlorophyll equivalent/g DW at the 45th growth day of centella. Polyphenol content and reducing power activity got the highest value at 75th growth day of Centella, corresponding to 14.156 ± 0.026 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DW and 22.891 ± 0.040 mg FeSO4 equivalent/g DW, respectively. Centella asiatica possessed the highest total antioxidant activity and DPPH free radical scavenging activity at the 60th growth day, corresponding to 6.059 ± 0.022 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g DW and 79.49 (%), respectively. The correlation between polyphenol content and reducing power activity was higher than other correlations. Centella asiatica is useful in the production of antioxidant medicine plants applicable to functional food and pharmaceutical antioxidants.

Abstract : Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) show a key role in the expansion of tumors. The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant guarding systems of the cell avoid oxidant harm to various biomolecules by neutralizing produce of free radicals. Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione dependent enzymes [glutathione reductase (GR) glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are the crucial bases of cellular response to oxidative stress. Glutathione acts an essential part in detoxification of carcinogens. Objectives: To assess the role of antioxidant defense an accomplished by glutathione dependent enzymes with their cofactors and comparative investigation activities of the glutathione-dependent enzymes in the blood serum and saliva in the patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Serum and salivary GSH and glutathione dependent enzymes such as GPx, GST, and GR levels were assessed in 40 healthy controls and 48 females with breast cancer utilizing a spectrophotometer. Serum and salivary trace elements (zinc and selenium) were estimated by utilizing the atom absorption photometry. Results: Serum and saliva analysis displayed significantly diminished (P<0.0001) of GSH, GST, GR and GPx activities in breast cancer patients compared to control group. The mean levels of serum and salivary trace elements (zinc and selenium) were significantly reduced (<0.001) in breast cancer patients as compared to levels of healthy controls. Conclusion: Serum and salivary an