Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Prediabetes (intermediate hyperglycemia) is a high-risk state for diabetes that is defined by glycaemic variables that are higher than normal, but lower than diabetes thresholds. 5–10% of people per year with prediabetes will progress to diabetes, with the same proportion converting back to normoglycaemia. The prevalence of prediabetes is increasing worldwide and experts have projected that more than 470 million people will have prediabetes by 2030. This study aims is to describe checking blood glucose for screening prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in “Kita Clinic”, Depok. The study’s characteristics were age, sex, and blood glucose. The study design uses descriptive studies. The study population was all patients who have their blood glucose checked in “Kita Clinic”. This study sample was people from July to December 2020 in “Kita Clinic”, 735 patients. The results showed that people age 25 to 34 years old 67.48%, female 84.76%, had normal blood glucose 94.3%, prediabetes 4.2%, and type 2 diabetes 1.5%.

Abstract : Objective: This study is to determine the pattern of Covid-19 infection in Malaysia throughout MCO and CMCO period and measuring the effectiveness of the MCO and CMCO implementation by the Malaysian government in controlling Covid-19 infection and death. Methods: Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS and Excel software through One-Way ANOVA. This analysis allows the researcher to investigate the phenomenon of Covid-19 from its beginning of movement control order (MCO) until conditional movement control order (CMCO). Results: From the result shown that there was a statistically significant difference between MCO and CMCO phase of the number of COVID-19 positive cases (F (5,78) = 18.834, p = 0.000), statistically significant difference between MCO and CMCO phase of the number of COVID-19 death cases (F (5,78) = 13.907, p = 0.000) and there was a statistically significant difference between MCO and CMCO phase of the number of COVID-19 recoveries cases (F (5,78) = 11.487, p = 0.000) as determined by one-way ANOVA. Conclusion: Using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis, all variable shows significant different of controlling Covid-19 infection and death between MCO and CMCO period. Malaysia effectively manages to control the Covid-19 pandemic by the implementation of MCO and CMCO.

Abstract : Pandemic COVID-19 has affected many aspects of life. However, a prolonged pandemic can cause many problems that will reduce the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This research aims to determine the association between the behavior to prevention COVID-19 transmission with HRQoL. A descriptive approach using cross-sectional design in primary data was collect in August 2020. Participants were 619 using multistage cluster sampling in two provinces in Indonesia, namely Jakarta and West Java. The most proportion of behavior for prevention in the "never" category were: washing hands when entering home (48.5%), avoid the habit of greeting with a kiss on both cheeks (41.2%), and close the nose area when sneeze or cough (38.9%). The COV19-QoL scale showed that the highest of problems in the pandemic period they felt more stressed than before (33.9% agreed), decreased quality of life (32.5% agreed) and that a pandemic makes their safety at risk (24,7% agreed). Bivariate analysis using the Mann Whitney test showed significantly there is a difference in the average score of HRQOL based on behavior categories (p-value = 0.004). This study will more reinforce the concept that an HRQOL is the result of a measurable health behavior intervention and the COV19-QoL scale is a fairly good measure of identifying HRQOL during a pandemic.

Abstract : Purpose: To evaluate the potential of autologous activated platelet-rich plasma (aaPRP) and the outcomes for treating severe Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Materials and methods: A case series of four patients from Koja Regional Public Hospital (Koja RPH) whom admitted to the ICU due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Results: All patients had the initial symptoms of SARS-Cov-2 infection and became worse overtime, so the patients were admitted to ICU. Dyspnoea with low oxygen saturation was observed in all cases. All patients had comorbids for COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 was observed in all of patients, as they had increasing CRP level and low level of oxygen saturation. The outcome of this case study showed potential effectiveness of aaPRP as adjunctive severe COVID-19 treatment. Conclusion: Autologous activated PRP treatment could be feasible to apply in severe COVID-19 management.

Abstract : In Indonesia, the rate of HIV transmission from mother to child is the highest in the world due to the low coverage of HIV testing and therapy among pregnant women. This study examined published research on the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) and its associated factors. A systematic review using ProQuest, Ebsco, PubMed, and SpringerLink databases for the period 2009-2019 found 12 relevant publications. Of pregnant women surveyed, 22-98% had an antenatal care (ANC) visit at least once; 7.3-99.4% received pre-HIV test counseling; 37.9-95.2% were advised to get tested for HIV; 6-97% were tested for HIV; 3.3-98% received their results; 22.1% received post-HIV test counseling; and 41-84.6% received antiretroviral (ARV). The factors influencing PMTCT were socio-demographics, distance to health care facilities, number of ANC visits, knowledge and awareness, partner engagement, stigma, and counseling. PMTCT publications were limited in terms of geographical coverage and none of the publications contained quality and sustainability aspects. There is a need to conduct research to improve the coverage of PMTCT in Indonesia as well as service quality and sustainability.