Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global outbreak or a pandemic. This brought to our mind the consequences of previous outbreaks to healthcare workers and their mental health. Earlier in 2020, a number of studies investigated the impact COVID-19 is thought to have on healthcare workers’ mental health and numerous studies investigated the importance of a healthy recovery for both health systems and healthcare workers post the pandemic. Until the drafting of this manuscript, early November 2020, more than 45 million cases were reported as COVID-19 positice in 124 countries around the globe, which sheds the light on the magnificent psychological impact assumed on healthcare workers. Therefore, this review article was carried out to investigate the significance of psychological outcomes amid and post COVID-19 pandemic as well as the risk factors predisposing these outcomes. We concluded that personal factors such as age, being single, living alone and perceived clinical experience, psychological factors such as maladaptive activities and previous psychological and psychiatric events, social and workplace related factors such as the working environment and the inter-peer relationship are predictive that some people are more prone to mental illnesses following the pandemic.

Abstract : Reducing inflammation can be one of the therapeutic targets in in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Many studies have shown that statins have pleiotropic effects as anti-inflammation. In this study we will be seen interaction of HDL-Cholesterol and hs-CRP to prove the role of statins as an anti-inflammatory and dyslipidemia treatment simultaneously. We compared hs-CRP and HDL Cholesterol/hs-CRP ratio levels in CKD patients who took statins and who did not take statins. Forty samples of CKD patients were taken randomly and then grouped based on their consumption of statin: taking statins (20) and not taking statins (20). There were negative correlation between HDL Cholesterol and hs-CRP (R=-0.374; P= 0.017), positive correlation between HDL Cholesterol/hs-CRP ratio and eGFR (R= 0.421; P= 0.007). The median concentration of hs-CRP in the statin group was significantly lower than in non-statin group (1.80 (1.20 – 5.30) vs 3.60 (1.90 – 11.60); P= 0.038), meanwhile there were not significantly different of median of HDL Cholesterol and HDL Cholesterol/hs-CRP Ratio between group. CKD subjects that consumed statin have a lower hs-CRP compared to subject that did not consume statin. But there was no difference of HDL-Cholesterol/hs-CRP ratio between CKD subjects that consume statin compared to did not consume statin but had a good correlation with eGFR. This result mean that HDL-Cholesterol and hs-CRP monitoring very important in CKD patient with statin treatment.

Abstract : Radiological imaging of the human body provided medical specialists with useful findings that helped obtain accurate diagnosis to select the better treatment option. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the ability to demonstrate the degenerative change that causes Low back pain (LBP). The currents work intended to evaluate the clinical indications and the lumber spine findings based on CT and MRI images. The mean patient's age was 45±12 (30-80) years. The procedures were performed using a multislice CT machine, 64 slices, and a 1.5 T MRI machine (GE SIGNA). In this study, 222 CT procedures were performed for patients suffering from lower back pain diseases. 81.1% of the patients' populations undergone CT procedures for lumber spine, while 19.9% of the patients' populations undergone MRI scans. 45.6% of patient populations are females, while 54.4% are males. A total of 180 patients data were recruited for this study, including 110 males (61%) and 70 (39% females) for CT procedure and 42 patients (25 (59.5%) males and 17 (39.5%) females) for MRI procedures. CT provides useful findings of the disease based on the images. CT's ability to illustrate the degenerative changes of the lumbar spine and the MRI has proved superior over CT in proving the prevalence of the infection and other related degenerative changes.

Abstract : The purpose of this study was to assess the precision of computer assisted guide (CAG) for mandibular fracture reduction in comparison to the use of arch bar. Patients and Methods: Thirty patients with fractured mandible were included and grouped into two groups; group (I) treated by conventional method and group (II) treated using CAG. A preoperative multi-slice computed tomography (CT) scan was performed for all patients. Based on CT, three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual reduction of the mandibular fracture segments were done, and a CAG was designed on reduced inferior border and exported as Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file. The CAG was then made-up using a printing machine. Open reduction and internal fixation for the fractured segments of all patients was done. For group (I) arch bar was used to maintain occlusion while CAG was used for anatomical reduction in group (II). Postoperative CT was performed within 7 days and linear measurements were analyzed with the virtually planned preoperative reduced mandibles. Results: Both groups compared by measuring mediolateral measurements at three points (coronoid, lingula and inferior border) to the sagittal plane bilaterally; and measuring the anteroposterior distances between two points the lingula and pogonion bilaterally. The results showed that the treatment for CAG group was comparable to the conventional group with no significant statistical difference in linear measurements. Conclusions:

Abstract : Abstract— Eel (Monopterus Albus) is a type of animal protein that contains high iron. Iron supplements in the form of eel chips are an effort to increase iron intake in teenage girls adequately. This study aimed to determine the effect of consuming eel chips on increasing hemoglobin levels in teenage girls. The design of this research is analytical, using a Quasy experiment design (non-randomized control group pretest posttest design). The population in this study is teenage girls who have hemoglobin levels <12 mg% and the number of samples was fifty four people (27 in the treatment group and 27 in the control group). The nutritional content of eel chips can increase hemoglobin levels in teenage girls with an average increase of 1.429 mg%, this is different from the hemoglobin levels of teenage girls who didn’t consume eel chips with an average increase of 0.533 mg%. The results of the dependent t test showed significance with Pvalue = 0.000 (α = 0.05). The test results of the content of eel chips showed that eel chips contained 10.9 grams of protein and 5 mg of iron, which are good for increasing hemoglobin levels in teenage girls.