Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : For a proper activity of the drug, researchers study all factors that could impact the pharmacological action of the drug, including interactions between drug and juices which are the most important factor that alters the effect of a medicine. HPLC/MS technique helps analyze the concentration of drugs in plasma to identify the impact of co-administrated substances on it. In our review article, we concentrated on citrus fruit juices (Grapefruit, Seville orange, and Pomelo), Cranberry juice, and pomegranate and their effect on the pharmacokinetics of studied drugs (Cyclosporine, Warfarin, and Colchicine). In this review, it found that some of the interactions showed several changes in pharmacokinetics parameters Like T max, C max, AUC, and modification in Half-life. While others remained without any interference. In conclusion, the complexity of the fruit juice's composition makes it difficult to study, but healthcare providers should be aware of any possible side effects or unusual interactions that may occur while taking medication with juices. Keywords — Interactions, Juice(s), Drug(s), Pharmacokinetics, HPLC-MS technique, Cyclosporine, Warfarin, Colchicine, Pomelo, Seville orange, Grapefruit, Cranberry, Pomegranate.

Abstract : Background and Aim:The Coronavirus disease(COVID-19) pandemic has affected healthcare service delivery globally including gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy services at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. Methods:This was a retrospective study of all Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopies(UGIE) and Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopies(LGIE) performed between February 2016 and February 2021. The Age, Gender, Procedure type and Number of procedures performed were obtained from the endoscopy register. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) version 21.0. Results:A total number of 208 UGIE were performed during the period under review, out of which 109(52.4%) were males and 99(47.6%) were females. Furthermore, a total number of 48 LGIE were performed during the period under review, out of which 34(70.8%) were males and 14(29.2%) were females. There had been a gradual rise over the years in the number of the UGIE performed, with 34(16.3%) procedures in 2016 to 57(27.4%) procedures in 2019 but declined to 31(14.9%) in 2020 following the COVID-19 pandemic. There had also been a gradual rise over the years in the number of the LGIE performed, with 5(10.4%) procedures in 2016 to 15(31.2%) procedures in 2019 but declined to 14(29.2%) in 2020. Conclusion:The COVID-19 pandemic impacted negatively on the volume of endoscopy procedures performed.

Abstract : Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) has spread worldwide, infecting more than 180 million people and 3.9 million deaths. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 range from asymptomatic or mild infection to severe illness. This study aims to examine the risk of severe COVID-19 illness associated with obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 patients admitted to the University Hospital in 2020. Patients ages < 18 years and pregnant people were not included in the analysis. Data were obtained from medical records. Cases were selected for the analysis only if the information was complete. There were 725 COVID-19 cases included for the analysis. We used adjusted PRs (and 95% CI) to estimate the risk of COVID-19 severity associated with obesity. Results: 178 had severe symptoms. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and chronic kidney disease were more likely to suffer severe COVID-19 symptoms. After taking into account on age, gender, diabetes and heart disease, obesity was associated with severe COVID-19 illness (PR 1.78 and 95% CI:1.32-2.38). The risk of COVID-19 severity associated with obesity were consistent on levels of age, sex, and comorbidities. Conclusion: Obesity increases the risk of severity in COVID-19. Maintaining healthy life style, including routine exercise, choice of healthy food and routine medical checkup may reduce the risk of COVID-19 severity

Abstract : Osteoporosis is a major chronic health issue that affects the patient’s quality of life. Since most patients are asymptomatic, knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis and its risk factors are extremely important in disease progression and prevention. This study aimed to estimate the level of knowledge about osteoporosis and its relation with age, gender, and educational level among the general population in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2020 and included 412 randomly selected participants. A self-reported validated questionnaire was distributed online through social media applications. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: demographic data and knowledge about risk factors and general knowledge of osteoporosis. The majority of the participants were women (70.4%). Most participants were young adults (16–30-year-olds; 56.1%) and 59% had a bachelor's degree. Overall, 47.8% of the participants had good knowledge scores regarding osteoporosis. Pearson’s chi-squared tests showed no association between the participants’ level of knowledge about osteoporosis and their gender (p = 0.164), educational level (p = 0.425), or age (p = 0.346). Most of the representative residents of Jeddah had a good level of knowledge about osteoporosis, and there was no association between age, gender, or educational level and knowledge about osteoporosis. We recommend interventions to increase the level of knowledge about the disease.

Abstract : Introduction : This study aims to analyze the indications, effectiveness and side effects of Botulinum toxin in the management of Childhood Esotropia. Methods : A retrospective study of cases underwent botulinum toxin injection for Esotropia strabismus in King Fahad Armed Force Hospital (KFAFH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. From the period 1st of Jan 2014 till 31st Dec 2018. For total of 116 patient. Success was defined as a residual angle of deviation of 10 prism diopter (PD) or less which allows for binocularity for at least 6 months. Result : A total of 81 cases were included. 45 males and 36 females. The mean age at 1st injection was 7.29 with range of 0.58 to 24 year old. The most prevalent diagnosis was partially accommodative esotropia (PAET). the overall success rate was 38.3%(31) with NAET and paralytic ET has the highest success with 76.9%(10) and 100%(2) respectively. Conclusion : Botulinum toxin represents a safe, repeatable alternative to surgery in the management of esotropia type of strabismus. Success rate differs in different diagnoses with NAET scoring the highest.