Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Objectives: The increasing prevalence of diabetes has become a challenge for global health professionals. Health coaching is one of the approaches used in self-management in diabetes patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of health coaching on 3 and 6 months of glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This literature study was conducted in a randomized controlled trial design that used health coaching interventions in people with type 2 diabetes, while the control group used usual care. The electronic databases used were PROQUEST, SAGE, WILLEY and CINAHL published between January 2010 and December 2020. The outcome measured was the effect of intervention on changes in HbA1c levels at 3 and 6 months from the baseline. Results: We found 5 selected articles of the 72 articles that were screened, of these 5 articles 3 articles had low bias and 2 articles had some concern. Health coaching intervention had a significant effect on decreasing HbA1c levels at 3 and 6 months compared to usual care. The health coaching method used uses face to face, telephone, text or a combination. Coaching can be carried out by health professionals or peers who have been trained. Conclusions :Health coaching is an effective approach to glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients.

Abstract : Sexuality is one of the important factors in human life, which greatly determines human well-being. In fact, sexual problems are one of the priorities in married life. Pregnancy is a condition that causes physiological and psychological changes in women and considered to be a factor causing sexual disorders. This study used a cross sectional design. The number of samples selected in this study were 110 respondents and were taken by random sampling. The population in this study were pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters who received antenatal care services at one of the health centers in South Jakarta in 2019. The data was collected by interviewed using a questionnaire. The research variables were knowledge, education, information sources, husband's role, and socio-culture on sexual relations during pregnancy. Sources of information was the factors that most influence sexual intercourse in pregnant women. Therefore, the role of health workers was needed in providing information to mothers about sexuality during pregnancy. Doctors, midwives and health workers need to be trained to evaluate sexual difficulties in pregnant women and provide solutions according to sexual problems experienced.

Abstract : Purpose: To evaluate the impact of KRAS mutation type as a predictor of response to different chemotherapy regimens (oxaliplatin-based, Irinotecan based). Methods: This is a retrospective study included 198 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) diagnosed and managed at medical oncology department, clinical oncology department, pathology department, oncology department in Health Insurance hospital, data regard clinicopathological features of the disease, pattern of KRAS mutation and response to chemotherapy is retrospectively collected and analysed. Results: KRAS codon 12 mutations were more common in males while codon 13 mutation that was more common in female patients (P<0.05). Right-sided colon experienced a significantly increased number of KRAS codon 13 mutations, while codon 12 was more in the left side (P<0.05). There was no difference between both treatment arms regard Progression-free survival (PFS), in wild type also there was no difference, but PFS in patients with codon 12 mutation receiving oxaliplatin protocol was statistically significantly higher than patients with codon 13 mutation (P 0.016). In patients with codon 13 KRAS mutation PFS was statistically significantly higher in irinotican arm than in oxaliplatin arm (P 0.001). Conclusion: we can tailor chemotherapy according to the type of mutation as patients with codon 12 mutation gets more benefit with first line oxaliplatin containing protocol, while those with codon 13 mutation gets more be

Abstract : Background: Our aim was to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in cancer patients and to correlate depression and anxiety in the patients and their caregivers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 1st of March 2013 to 30th of May 2015. Cancer patients and their caregivers seen in the outpatient clinics and day care unit of King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were included in the study. The data was collected by questionnaires using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) screening tools for depression and anxiety disorder, respectively. Consent was obtained from all participants. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Descriptive and comparative analyses were done using frequency, chi-square, and Cohen’s kappa. Results: The total study population was 294 participants (147 patients and 147 caregivers). Depression and anxiety were found in 72.2% and 66% of patients and 66% and 42.8% of caregivers, respectively. Agreement between patients and caregivers was statistically significant for many points of the questionnaires (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the prevalence of depression and anxiety were high in both cancer patients and their caregivers. More attention should be directed toward detecting psychological changes in these vulnerable individuals. Routine screening along with social support should be included in clinical pr

Abstract : Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening medical emergency. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture is a must to identify the pathogens of bacterial meningitis. Still, its result is usually late and sometimes shows low sensitivity, especially due to antibiotics previously given. Latex agglutination test and Gram staining are not sufficiently sensitive. Multiplex real-time PCR assay gives quick diagnostic results with high sensitivity, even with non-viable bacterial agents. The study aimed to evaluate the validity of the combination of different assays in diagnosing bacterial meningitis in Vietnamese children. A cross-sectional study was conducted. CSF culture, latex agglutination test, Gram staining, and multiplex real-time PCR assays were performed. The Kappa statistic was used to calculate the agreement between the methods. Totally, 108 eligible cases were recruited. There were five positive cases (4.6%) isolated by CSF culture, while the multiplex real-time PCR assays identified pathogens in four cases (3.7%). Latex agglutination testing and Gram staining gave positive signals in three different cases. The agreement between multiplex real-time PCR and culture / latex agglutination testing / Gram staining was 0.652 / 0.852 / 0.262 correspondingly by the kappa statistics. The study showed that different diagnostic methods should be used to give accurate results in the determination of infectious agents in CSF specimens causing acute bacterial meningitis in Vietnamese children.