Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Neuropathic pain is caused by disorder of somatosensory nervous system. It affects mostly in women and older population. The causes of peripheral neuropathic pain are trigeminal neuralgia, diabetes peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia and so on. The causes of central neuropathic pain are spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors and so on. To date, managing neuropathic pain is still challenging to physicians. The available choice of drugs is limited to efficacy and adverse effects. In addition, neuropathic pain has poor response to current medications. Botulinum Toxin type A (BoTN-A), which is produced by Clostridium botulinum, is known as potential analgesia in neuropathic pain. This review aims to outline the efficacy of BoTN-A in some causes of both peripheral and central neuropathic pain. The conclusion of this review is BoTN-A is safe and effective in reducing pain intensity in neuropathic pain

Abstract : The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the best strategy for the variable selection, using the developed Ordered Logistic Regression (OLR) and Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP). At the first stage, all the selected variables will be a screen for their important relationship point of view through ordered logistics regression and bootstrap methodology. After considering for 1500 of the bootstrapping methods, it was found that smoking factor, total cholesterol factor, and triglycerides come to a significant relationship to the level of hypertension. By considering the level of significance of 0.25 for ordered logistic regression, these three variables are being selected and used for the input of the MLP model. The performance of MLP was evaluated through the Predicted Mean Square Error (PMSE) of the neural network for the (MSE-forecasts the Network). PMSE is used as a measurement of how far away from our predictions are from the real data. The smallest MSE from MLP, indicate the best combination of variables selection in the model. In this research paper, we also provide the R syntax for OLR and MLP better illustration.

Abstract : This study aims to validate the factor that perhaps influences the health status of an elderly at receiving home care. This research paper, we developed the R syntax for Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) which considering the logistic based selection. At first, the related factors will be determined through multiple logistics regression procedures, then the selected variable will be validate using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNS) through the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN). The validation process will be emphasizing on the Mean Square Error for forecasting (MSE-F) and the accuracy value. Through this developed methodology, we hope that the significant variable which treated as input to MLPNN will lower the MSE-F.Health. Through the developed MLPNN methodology, it was found that the Mean Square Error for forecasting (MSE-F.Health) is 0.105 with an accuracy of 91.28%. In conclusion, this showed that the developed model can predict the outcome by more than 90%. The developed R syntax is given in this paper for a better illustration.

Abstract : In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global outbreak or a pandemic. This brought to our mind the consequences of previous outbreaks to healthcare workers and their mental health. Earlier in 2020, a number of studies investigated the impact COVID-19 is thought to have on healthcare workers’ mental health and numerous studies investigated the importance of a healthy recovery for both health systems and healthcare workers post the pandemic. Until the drafting of this manuscript, early November 2020, more than 45 million cases were reported as COVID-19 positice in 124 countries around the globe, which sheds the light on the magnificent psychological impact assumed on healthcare workers. Therefore, this review article was carried out to investigate the significance of psychological outcomes amid and post COVID-19 pandemic as well as the risk factors predisposing these outcomes. We concluded that personal factors such as age, being single, living alone and perceived clinical experience, psychological factors such as maladaptive activities and previous psychological and psychiatric events, social and workplace related factors such as the working environment and the inter-peer relationship are predictive that some people are more prone to mental illnesses following the pandemic.

Abstract : Reducing inflammation can be one of the therapeutic targets in in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Many studies have shown that statins have pleiotropic effects as anti-inflammation. In this study we will be seen interaction of HDL-Cholesterol and hs-CRP to prove the role of statins as an anti-inflammatory and dyslipidemia treatment simultaneously. We compared hs-CRP and HDL Cholesterol/hs-CRP ratio levels in CKD patients who took statins and who did not take statins. Forty samples of CKD patients were taken randomly and then grouped based on their consumption of statin: taking statins (20) and not taking statins (20). There were negative correlation between HDL Cholesterol and hs-CRP (R=-0.374; P= 0.017), positive correlation between HDL Cholesterol/hs-CRP ratio and eGFR (R= 0.421; P= 0.007). The median concentration of hs-CRP in the statin group was significantly lower than in non-statin group (1.80 (1.20 – 5.30) vs 3.60 (1.90 – 11.60); P= 0.038), meanwhile there were not significantly different of median of HDL Cholesterol and HDL Cholesterol/hs-CRP Ratio between group. CKD subjects that consumed statin have a lower hs-CRP compared to subject that did not consume statin. But there was no difference of HDL-Cholesterol/hs-CRP ratio between CKD subjects that consume statin compared to did not consume statin but had a good correlation with eGFR. This result mean that HDL-Cholesterol and hs-CRP monitoring very important in CKD patient with statin treatment.