Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : As an important factor in achieving a safe life, health has always been the main topic in various conditions. However, one of the obstacles that can threaten these health goals is financial. This literature review discusses how to finance for universal health coverage. This study uses various references, such as journals, reports, news, and scientific articles. This paper describes a systematic analysis starting from the theoretical framework, cost, urgency, and importance of financing for universal health coverage, and discussion. The results show that there is a need for effective financial allocations and regulations to achieve the goal of financing for universal health coverage. In order to obtain references in establishing these financial regulations, Chile and China can be examples of consistently achieving health coverage. Success in achieving universal health coverage will achieve the goal of health security for the entire global community.

Abstract : Bronchial asthma (BA) is an example of a chronic inflammatory process that develops in children in the presence of genetically determined atopy and bronchial hypersensitivity and leads to profound disability in patients 10-24 years [1]. The prevalence of asthma among adults in the world ranges from 1-18%, and among children - 5-10%. In Ukraine, this percentage is only 0.6% -0.56%, which may indicate insufficient diagnosis of this pathology [2]. If children have several diseases that have both acute and chronic course, use the terms "combined pathology", "combined pathology", "concomitant" or "associated" diseases and conditions [3] It should be noted that the term "comorbidity" (comorbidity), used to determine the simultaneous damage of two organs or systems of the body, or the presence of two or the presence of ≥3 comorbidities [4,13], which can be attributed to asthma, because in the vast majority of asthma in children is a primary allergic disease, which causes the development of this pathology with a characteristic comorbid condition, increased blood levels, the main of which are immunoglobulins, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, including eosinophils. and their dependent hematocrit, SaO2. [5].

Abstract : Anemia causes an enormous burden of disease worldwide. Globally, there were more than 1-2 billion case of Anemia in 2016. Iron deficiency anemia is one of top five causes of disability globally, the leading cause of disabilities live in income countries low and middle income (LMICs). The purpose of this study was to determine the anemia with associated factors in pregnant women. This is a literature review studies about risk factor of anemia. Search engines used in literature review are Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Pubmed. This study was focus conducted asses the relative contribution of iron deficiency to anemia in pregnant woman in rural area. This study revealed three key factors to be associated with anemia among pregnant women. Intervention including nutrition counseling and enrolling pregnant women with low nutritional status in nutritional program should be the core components of anemia control strategies, needed to address the high prevalence of anemia among women pregnancy in rural area.

Abstract : Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common complications found in managing patients in the field of urology. The biggest challenge in UTI management is antibiotic resistance. In this study, patient data were taken retrospectively from urology patients in 1 year. A total of 643 patients were tested for urine culture, with the most cases of urinary tract stone (35.5%). Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria. Cefoperazone sulbactam (91%) was the most sensitive parenteral antibiotics used for the patients, whereas Fosfomycin (85.3%) was the oral antibiotics of choice. Aminoglycoside, Carbapenem groups, Cefoperazone sulbactam, and Piperacillin tazobactam antibiotic groups had a sensitivity level of more than 50% in treating urology patients with UTI. On the other hand, Cephalosporin and Quinolone were discovered to have a lower level of sensitivity. The use of a urinary catheter and DJ stent possibly contributed to the increase of antibiotics resistance. A total of 107 patients (16.6%) were discovered to be infected by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, especially among patients with urethral stricture.

Abstract : Background:The monitoring of the activity in Crohn's disease (CD ) may be challenging with endoscopic maneuvers due to difficulties in reaching the affected areas and being restricted to mucosal lesions in endoscope exam ,so the existence of a more tolerable and reliable technique will be highly warranted . In addition to its high accuracy in diagnosis and assessment of this disease. Objective: This study aims at detection of the accuracy of computed tomography enterography (CTE) in detection of Crohn's disease activity. Patient and Methods: This Prospective study was conducted from October 2015 to the end of November 2016 in Al-yarmook and gastroenterology and hepatology teaching hospitals were Thirty –four patients clinically and histopathologically proven as CD patients and most of them complain recurrent episode of abdominal pain and diarrhea included in this study .patients divided into active and inactive groups according to ileocolonoscopic evaluation. Then all patients underwent CTE as clinically indicated within 1 week of ileocolonoscopy. The radiological signs that used in CTE to suggest Crohn'sdisease activity are mural hyper enhancement, mural thickening, comb sign,mesenteric fat oedema and mesenteric lymph nodes. Results: Computed tomography enterography is valuable tool in detecting CD activityand the mural hyper enhancement and comb sign are the main diagnostic CTEcriteria of CD activity. Conclusion: CTE is anon invasive and reliable technique that has a significant value inassessment of CD activity in correlation with endoscopy and it is useful infollow up and preoperative guidance.