Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Mental health in pregnancy is often forgetten and not integrated with antenatal care in most middle income countries (MICs). Many common mental disorders (anxiety and/or depression) in pregnant women are not well identified and untreatment in MICs. The aim of this review to identify common mental disorders’ predictors and outcomes in pregnancy, and evaluate the implementation of early detection of anxiety and/or depression symptoms in antenatal care in MICs. Sources of this review are from grey literature and scientific articles that have been published between 2009-2020 on Proquest, Science direct, JSTOR, Springer link, PubMed, and EBSCO. The result of this review are: family income, domestic violence, and husband’s low support are dominant predictor factors to cause anxiety disorder and/or depression in pregnancy. Untreated anxiety and/or depression in pregnancy increase risk of depression postpartum, suicidal ideas, and disability for maternal; risk of low birth weight, undernutrition, and stunting for children. On the other hand, early detection for pregnant women’s mental health almost never done in antenatal care in MICs. There are stigma and inequality health service for poor pregnant women makes they more inability to access mental health care.

Abstract : Dental treatment under general anaesthesia (GA) is often indicated in uncooperative paediatric patients with or without the complex dental procedure. Preoperative diagnosis needs to be thoroughly assessed to ensure the dental treatment under GA can be efficient and safely completed by the paediatric dentist and trained anaesthetist. The research aims to determine the common preoperative diagnosis prior dental treatment under GA among paediatric patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, and its association to gender. A retrospective review of paediatric dental treatment under GA from 2015 to 2018 was undertaken. A total of 298 patient’s records were retrieved for data collection. Descriptive statistics and multiple response analysis were used to analyze the data. The most common preoperative diagnosis made was early childhood caries (53.1%, n=188), followed by dental caries (25.1%) and dentoalveolar abscess (17.1%). Firstly, the analysis of multiple responses was combined between male and female; the highest diagnosis within four years was ECC diagnosis 188(53.1%) and dental caries 89(25.1%). Second, the result was being separate according to gender. The result indicates that the ECC diagnosis for males; 98(52.7%) and females; 90(53.6%), while dental caries is 49(26.3%) for males and 40(23.8%) for females. This research is beneficial for the better understanding the paediatric dental service, particularly those children who are indicated for dental treatment under GA.

Abstract : Objective: to study under-five mortality trend and top killers in Basrah Governorate, Iraq for 2012-2018. Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study implemented during the period from 15th of March 2020 to 30th of December 2020 in Basrah Governorate to study under-five mortality rates time trend for the years 2012-2018 included all under-five registered deaths. A sample of 1000 death certificates is taken to elicit neonates top ten killers. Results: In general, for targeted years under-five mortality rate and infant mortality rate dramatically decreased while the neonatal mortality rate took slight decrease. Male under-five mortality rate was more than female under-five mortality rate. The majority of deaths occurred in hospital in comparison to house and other places. First killer disease in neonates was newborn respiratory distress. Conclusion: Under-five mortality rates shows dramatic decrease for 2012-2018. Mainly in the neonatal period, the majority of deaths occurred in infanthood. Key words: Under-five, mortality, rate, trend, top killers, Iraq, Basrah.

Abstract : Objective: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first reported in Wuhan, China late December of the year 2019. Aim of our study is to find out how do Saudi medical students perceive the COVID-19 pandem-ic. It also aimed to investigate their positive attitudes, if any, towards their profession after this pan-demic. Methodology: This was a perceptual questionnaire -based cross-sectional study that targeted medical students in Saudi Arabia. It took place via the distribution of an electronic questionnaire Results: The number of participants was 563 students. The number of male 243 (43,1%), female students were 320 (56,9%). Junior years students were 197 (35%) Senior years students were 366 (65%). Conclusions: Saudi medical students have satisfactory perception about the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, they have better intentions for career opportunities to serve their communities.

Abstract : Aim: to evaluate the feasibility and safety of primary closure sutures for the common bile duct compared to T-tube usage, post laparoscopic, common bile duct (CBD) exploration for treating choledocholithiasis associated with cholecystolithiasis.   Methods: Patients with choledocholithiasis accompanying cholecystolithiasis who underwent a failed ERCP procedure were included in this four-year- retrospective study in the period from January 2015 until December 2018. They were divided into two groups; group I: included those who had primary suturing closure of CBD, while group II were those who underwent a T tube insertion technique. Patients’ data including the pre, intra, and post-operative outcome were evaluated. Results:  Forty-three patients were included; they were 26 females and 17 males with the ratio of (1.5 to 1).  G I (n= 28) were those with primary closure suturing technique. While G II (n= 15) had a T tube inserted. During the first postoperative day, total drainage was not high among G I patients compared to those of G II. No significant statistical difference existed between the two groups as regards the total bilirubin level (TBL) post-surgery.  This facilitates the short time of removing the T tube among G I patients. Conclusion: Primary closure sutures of the common bile duct is a safe and feasible post choledochotomy procedure.