Sapporo Medical Journal

Abstract : Hypercholesterolimia becomes one of the factors of vascular disease. The abnormal total cholesterol levels result in inhibition of blood vessels because it can cause atherosclerosis. Anthocyanin that contains in Fermented Glutinous Black Rice as one functional food is recommended to lower total cholesterol levels. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fermented Fermented Glutinous Black Rice to total cholesterol levels. This study method used two group pre test and post test experimental design. This research was conducted in January 2017 - February 2017. Samples are residents of Budiharja Village, Cililin sub-district, West Bandung regency, men and women aged over 36 years old with menopause women excluded. The sample of the study amounted to 36 people. The sample was divided into two study groups of each of 18 samples. Before and after the intervention, total cholesterol levels were examined in both groups. Also performed SQFFQ and recall 1x24 hours every three days during the study. The results of the analysis with Dependent T-test of the intervention group showed a decrease in initial total cholesterol levels of 224.61 mg/dL became 194,11 mg/dL with p<0,001. The analysis result with Mann Whitney Test showed that there is decrease total cholesterol level between intervention group and control group (p <0,001). So, one of the way to decreasing the total cholesterol levels could be started by consuming Fermented Glutinous Black Rice.

Abstract : There are still limited data about postoperative delirium (POD) in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of delirium in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgeries and understand its related predictors. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study done in an orthopedic hospital with medical record from January 2016 to December 2019. The subjects were over 60 years old who underwent major orthopedic surgeries (arthroplasty, internal fixation, and spine surgery). POD was diagnosed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Univariate and Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the possible predictors for delirium. Among 201 patients, there were 20 cases (10%) of POD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with postoperative anemia [OR: 5.189 (1.086– 24.803)], given general anesthesia [OR: 9.194 (1.713 – 49.333)], limited mobility [OR: 17.575 (1.646 – 187.627)], and suffers from sleep disturbance [OR: 35.925 (8.143 – 158.497)] were more likely to develop delirium. POD’s predictor seen in geriatric patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery were mobility restriction, sleep deprivation, postoperative anemia, and general anesthesia. These predictors will help to identify patients with high risk of delirium and could be a potential target for intervention.

Abstract : During the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, burnout emerges as a critical health problem that might involve workers in many occupations, particularly healthcare personnel. Although burnout syndrome is not necessarily proved to be nosologic, it yields serious physical, mental, and social outcomes. However, it is essential to provide practical strategies and effective tools for people so that they can adapt to such highly stressful situations. This mini literature review aims to present the burnout history briefly and provides a summary of its major effects, causes, and prevalence among healthcare workers. Also, some strategies are listed to be employed by hospital medical staff and organizations to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract : Cow’s milk protein allergy is an important issue in children because it can lead to growth disorder. This study aims to analyze effect of growth disorder in clinical manifestation of children with cow’s milk protein allergy. A cross sectional study was performed in children with cow’s milk protein allergy between March to April 2018 in Pediatric ward, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Age, body weight, height, and clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal tract or respiratory tract were recorded from medical record. Data analysis was performed using chi square and odds ratio to determine effect of growth disorder in clinical manifestation of children with cow’s milk protein allergy. Clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal tract were more often had underweight, stunted, and wasted (60%, p < 0,05; 52,9%, p > 0,05; 65,7%, p < 0,05, respectively) compared to clinical manifestation of respiratory tract. The effect of clinical manifestations in children with cow’s milk protein allergy to have underweight and wasted was higher in clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal tract compared to clinical manifestation of respiratory tract (OR 2.455 for underweight and OR 6.024 for wasted). The effect clinical manifestations in children with cow’s milk protein allergy of underweight was 2.455 times higher and wasted was 6.024 times higher in clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract : Pneumonia remains a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Pneumonia is mainly caused by viruses, but current therapeutic regimen often consists of antibiotic due to the lack of etiologic diagnosis. Irrational antibiotic often leads to antimicrobial resistance and high expenditure of healthcare resources. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical features and etiology of viral pneumonia in children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 1-60 months with pneumonia according to WHO 2013 criteria, at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital from January to April 2014. Identification of virus was carried out by multiplex PCR, using Luminex primer xTag ®RVP-FASTv2. Seventy-five children met the criteria of enrolment to this study. The most common observed symptoms were fever (86.7%), coryza (60.0%) and vomiting (46.7%). The most common clinical signs were rales (95.6%), fast breathing (88.9%) and flaring nostril (80.0%). In terms of the detected viruses, EnV-HRV had the highest detection rate (46.7%), followed by HBoV (17.8%), InfV (8.9%), RSV (8.9%), HMpV (6.7%), HPIV (6.7%), CoV (4.4%) and none for AdV. The disease was typically a single infection (57.8%), with no observed specific seasonal trend. Fever, coryza, vomiting, rales and fast breathing were the most common symptoms and signs of pneumonia observed in this study. The most common viruses identified in children with viral pneumonia were EnV-HRV and HBoV.